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Response must be at least 300 words and response to peer must be at least 150 words.
Vertebral Column
Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research about bone, joints, and vertebrae. Based on your research and understanding, respond to the following:
Analyze the bone markings of the vertebrae and distinguish among the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae.
Evaluate the six diarthrotic joints including the movement seen in each joint and provide examples of each.
Evaluate synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints detailing the type of movement and location of each. Provide several examples for each joint.
Categorize three different joints found within the vertebrae, including the bone markings of each bone and the movements produced by those joints.
Peer to respond:
Peer Anthony…
Analyze the bone markings of the vertebrae and distinguish among the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
1. Cervical Vertebrae:
– Transverse Foramen: Present in all cervical vertebrae except C7, these foramina allow the passage of the vertebral arteries and veins.
– Bifid Spinous Process : The spinous process typically splits into two prongs, providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.
– Small Body: Cervical vertebrae have relatively small and oval-shaped bodies.
– Vertebral Foramen: Larger in size compared to other regions of the spine to accommodate the cervical spinal cord.
2.Thoracic Vertebrae:
– Costal Facets: Located on the sides of the vertebral body and transverse processes, these facets articulate with the heads of ribs, contributing to the structure of the rib cage.
– Long Spinous Processes: These processes project posteriorly and inferiorly, overlapping the vertebra below, aiding in muscle attachment and providing stability to the thoracic spine.
– Demifacets
Evaluate the six diarthrotic joints including the movement seen in each joint and provide examples of each.
1.evaluation of the six diarthrotic joints, along with their movements and examples:
1. Hinge Joint:
– Movement: Flexion and extension occur along one plane.
– Example: Elbow joint (ulnohumeral joint), allowing bending (flexion) and straightening (extension) of the arm.
2. Ball and Socket Joint:
– Movement: Offers a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
– Example: Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint), facilitating movements in multiple directions such as raising the arm overhead and rotating it.
3. Pivot Joint:
– Movement: Allows rotation around a central axis.
– Example: Atlantoaxial joint between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae, enabling rotation of the head from side to side.
4. Saddle Joint:
– Movement: Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
– Example: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, facilitating a wide range of movements essential for grasping and manipulating objects.
5. Gliding Joint:
– Movement: Enables sliding or gliding movements in various directions.
– Example: Intercarpal joints of the wrist, allowing smooth movements during wrist flexion, extension, and side-to-side motion.
6. Condyloid Joint (Ellipsoidal Joint):
– Movement: Provides flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction, but without rotation.
– Example: Radiocarpal joint of the wrist, facilitating movements such as bending the wrist forward and backward, as well as side-to-side motions.
These examples illustrate the diverse range of movements enabled by diarthrotic joints, crucial for various activities and functions in the human body.
Here are three different joints found within the vertebrae, along with their bone markings and movements:
Intervertebral Discs (Amphiarthrotic Joint)
– Bone Markings: Located between adjacent vertebral bodies, composed of fibrocartilage.
– Movement: Allows for limited movement between vertebrae, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and limited rotation.
– Function: Absorb shock, provide flexibility, and facilitate movement between vertebral bodies.