Category: Statistics

  • Title: Chapter 12 Discussion Questions and Reflections

    please follow the instruction on the assignment document and use het attached document of chapter 12 for chapter questions

  • Exploring Data Analysis with Minitab: A Hands-On Approach

    Must have your own Minitab account and software to complete this. You will be given a pdf to use to download the data straight into minitab. Then you will login and must TURN ON COMMAND WINDOW as I need the command history. Then you will follow the steps given on PDF to complete 6 questions!

  • “The Impact of Music Therapy on Pain Management in Post-Operative Patients: A Hypothesis Test Study” Hypothesis: The use of music therapy in post-operative patients will lead to a decrease in pain levels compared to standard pain management techniques

    Describe a hypothesis test study that would help your work (nursing) or conclusions in some way. Describe what variable would be tested and what would be your guess of the value of that variable. Then include how the result, if the null were rejected or not, might change your conclusions or actions in some way.

  • Title: Comparing and Contrasting Crime Trends in Los Angeles and New York City: An Analysis of Summary Statistics and Media Reports “Exploring Crime Data: Drawing Conclusions and Making a Decision on Where to Move”

    I have attached the Excel sheet that I submitted for part 1.
    Part 2: Supporting evidence
    In your final paper due in Unit 6 you will compare and contrast your summary statistics of crime in Los Angeles and New York City to those reported and/or evaluated in media pieces. In Part 2, due this unit, you will find news reports related specifically to Los Angeles since the Unit 5 readings focus on New York City. For an overview of Signature Assignment A: Crime Trend Lines and how the different parts fit into the overall project, please download and read the overview and watch this video.
    Do some rigorous online research to locate at least two (2) valid, current reports or news stories that discuss crime statistics in Los Angeles.  
    The articles should be similar to the NYPD articles from Module 2 Unit 5 published by The New York Times, in terms of length and quality of information/research presented
    Final Essay Part 3:
    Your final paper due this unit will focus on crime in Los Angeles and New York City, and include data visualizations and analysis using summary statistics, the module readings, and news reports. In Part 1 (Unit 4) you downloaded the data from the Uniform Crime Reporter (UCR) and graphed it. You will use this data in Step 1 below and the graphs in Step 2. In Unit 5, you found news reports and articles that will assist you in Step 2 below. For an overview of the Signature Assignment A: Crime Trend Lines and how the different parts fit into the overall project, please download and read the overview and watch this video.
    The following instructions walk you through the steps of developing and analyzing the data and reflecting upon the news reports and readings from the module. 
    STEP 1 – Developing Data for Analysis
    In Part 1 (Unit 4) you created an Excel table in Step #1 by downloading data for the Uniform Crime Reporter (UCR). Here you will be using this information to calculate the following: 
    Clearly identify when your period begins and ends, to calculate the following for New York City and L.A. independently: 
    Range for Year 1 through Year 10 for each city
    Rate of change between Year 10 and Year 1 as a percent for each city
    Rate of change between Year 10 and Year 9 as a percent for each city
    Mean of incident count for the 10-year period
    Median of incident count for the 10-year period for each city
    Create a table
    Find population size for each city for each year (you can use Google or US Census)
    Calculate Crime rate for each variable: 
    A crime rate is calculated by dividing the number of reported crimes by the total population. The result is then multiplied by 100,000. For example, in 2014 there were 48,650 robberies in California and the population was 38,499,378. This equals a robbery crime rate of 126.4 per 100,000.
    Create a table of crime rate similar to the table you made for Crime Incidences in Part 1 (Unit 4) 
    Create a graph of Crime Rate
    STEP 2 – Data Analysis
    Using the module readings and your two additional media sources as context, begin to analyze the summary statistics you calculated. 
    Write an introductory statement about measuring crime, specifically the index crime of your choice.  Explain why it is important for residents to know the data about the index crime you chose; and if it is realistically possible to account for all incidents. 
    Introduce the NYC and LA context; how does each municipality measure and report crime data?
    In a paragraph form, discuss changes in crime during the period you have identified by introducing your summary statistics. You are welcome to add a graph and or table from Part 1 Data in Unit 4
    Explain your data visualization in the context of your analysis 
    Consider the measurability of the given index crime and report how the numbers may be incomplete or are as complete as possible. 
    Compare and contrast your summary statistics to those reported / evaluated in the media pieces from the module and research done in Part 2 Supporting Evidence in Unit 5
    Discuss the generalizations, if any, that can be drawn about the crime from the various sources (i.e. textbook chapter, media analyses/journalism, official data, your summary statistics and visualization)
    Conclude by  
    Making a decision about where you prefer to move to and 
    Defend that position by contextualizing the decision on the quantitative analysis you have completed (using the data to support the decision made).   
    Paper Formatting (standard):
    Word or PDF document file 
    Approximately 6 pages of text (1500 words, excluding charts and reference list)
    1” Margins
    Standard font (i.e. 12pt Times New Roman, Calibri, etc.)
    2 Graphs 
    Reference Page in APA style

  • Title: Exploring Engagement and Statistics in My Chosen Sport

    This assignment is part of the module Module 4 | June 17 – June 30 | From Randomness to Probability| Chapters 13-15 and hasn’t been unlocked yet.
    Completion Prerequisites
    The following requirements need to be completed before this page will be unlocked:
    Module 3 | June 10 – June 16 | Understanding Randomness and Sample Surveys| Chapters 10-12
    Chapter 10: Understanding Randomness
    must view the page
    Chapter 11: Sample Surveys
    must view the page
    Chapter 12: Experiments and Observational Studies
    must view the page
    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSport and Engagement
    The sport of your interest
    In 250 words share about your level of engagement with the sport
    This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome250 words – statistics
    Do some research. What is one statistic you want to share about your chosen sport? Provide specific statistics and in 250 words tell us about what stood out to you and why.
    This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMentimeter post
    Mentimeter post: name of sport and statistic
    OutcomeSource citation

  • Solving a Quadratic Equation Using the Quadratic Formula Problem Number: 3 Problem: Solve the quadratic equation 2x^2 + 5x – 12 = 0 Solution: Step 1: Identify the coefficients

    Here are the details:
    Initial Post : For your initial post, you should choose and solve one of the problems from the document posted above. To do so, please try to print out the single page, solve the problem, scan back in and post. You may also just state the number of the problem and solve it in the discussion itself using the math typesetting if you would like. You should try to choose a problem that people haven’t done yet or use a different technique if you solve one that has already been posted. Make sure to post the problem number in the subject line of your post.
    Be sure to explain HOW how you solved it. Did you use the calculator? a Table? StatCrunch? Really explain it so others can understand! 🙂
    If you’d like, you may post a video of you solving it!
    Follow-up Posts: You are required to post AT LEAST 2 follow-up posts. These can be replies to other students, additional solved review problems, videos or website resources that have helped you study, etc. If someone has already replied, please make sure to make your reply unique by offering another suggestion, a different place to look, or comment on someone else’s question.
    You are more than welcome to solve more problems!

  • Hypothesis Test for Defective Flash Drives Production in a Small Manufacturing Company

    Data set 2 spreadsheet
    presents a sample of the number of defective flash drives produced by a
    small manufacturing company over the last 30 weeks. The company’s
    operations manager believes that the number of defects produced by the
    process is less than seven defective flash drives per week. Use this online calculator
    (or any statistical package that you are comfortable with) to construct
    a hypothesis test to verify the operations manager’s claim. Your
    hypothesis test should include null and alternative hypotheses, a t test
    statistic value, a p value, a decision, and a conclusion. Submit a Word
    file that includes the hypothesis test.
    Submit your assignment here. Make sure you’ve included all the required elements by reviewing the guidelines and rubric.

  • “Analyzing the Cost of Housing in Melbourne: A Comparison of Resident and Investor Perspectives” “Analyzing Apartment Prices in Melbourne: A Hypothesis Test and Ethical Considerations”

    Instructions  Part 1.1 | Part 1.2 | Part 1.3 | Part 1.4 | Part 1.5 | Part 2 |
    Residents of Melbourne are complaining about the high cost of housing within a 41-kilometer radius (about 25 miles) of the Central Business District, saying that even apartments are too expensive to purchase. Residents are pressuring city government leaders to address the need for affordable housing. At the same time, real-estate investors are downplaying the residents’ concerns, saying that in fact, housing is affordable in Melbourne, and the real-estate investors are encouraging city-government leaders to focus their efforts on other issues of concern. Both the residents and real-estate investors presented their findings on apartment prices before the city government leaders. Your job is to determine the validity of each of their findings and to report your findings in the form of your own letter to city government officials. The summary of the data that the residents of Melbourne collected can be found in the Resident – data document [DOWNLOAD]. The summary of the data that real-estate investors collected can be found in the Real Estate Investors – Data [DOWNLOAD].
    Set Up Google Sheets and a Google Doc for Part 2
    Copy the Google Sheet containing the Property Prices – Part 2 Data (opens in new window) (information from 4296 apartments) and the pre-labeled tabs in which you will perform pertinent computations for the second part of the assignment. 
    Rename your copy of the Google Sheet using your username, and share your copy of the spreadsheet with your professor. 
    Copy the Google Slides – Part 2 (opens in new window – select use template) to use as a template for presenting your work for Part 2 of the assignment. 
    Rename your copy of the Google Slides file using your username, and share your copy of the slides with your professor. 
    Generate a Random Sample from the Data Set 
    In TAB 4 of the Google Sheet – you will generate a simple random sample of 300 data values from the data set to be used for the remainder of this Final Assignment. Copy the original data set provided for you (TAB 1) and paste that entire data set into TAB 4. To do this, select inside the blank box in the top left corner of the spreadsheet. This will select all the cells. Then, right-select click to copy the data. Paste the data by selecting “Paste” in cell A1 in TAB 4. 
    In cell I1 of TAB 4 label the column Random_Number. In cell I2, use the function =RANDBETWEEN(0,1000000) to generate a random number between zero and a million. Copy this fuction down column I, so that every row (2 through 4297) has a random number. Copy all of the random numbers in column I and then use Paste values only (CTRL+Shift+V) in column I, which will keep the random numbers from changing. Freeze the first row containing all the labels. Sort the entire sheet in TAB 4 based on the random numbers generated in column I. Use the first 300 rows as your random sample (2 through 301). You must delete rows 302 through 4297. 
    Find and Interpret the 95% Interval for the Mean Apartment Price in Melbourne 
    Copy the PRICE column from your random sample of apartment prices and paste it in Column A of TAB 5. Note that pertinent statistics will automatically be calculated for you, including the 95% confidence interval. 
    As part of your presentation to city government officials (Google Slides – Part 2), state and interpret the 95% confidence interval for the mean apartment price in Melbourne. Additionally, make reference to any other statistics that you deem important in your own analysis of apartment prices. Review Chapter 8 of your text for reference on how to interpret the confidence interval. Make a recommendation to the city government leaders regarding the accuracy of the information that the residents provided in light of your confidence interval and data. 
    Conduct a One-Sample Hypothesis Test of the Mean Individual Apartment Price in Melbourne 
    According to the data that the real-estate investors collected, the mean individual apartment price within a 41-kilometer (about 25 miles) radius of the Central Business District of Melbourne is $453,993.94. You are going to use a hypothesis test to determine whether the true mean apartment price is higher than $453,993.94. Assume that apartment prices are normally distributed. 
    i. The null and alternative hypotheses are as follows: 
    H0: =$453,993.94 
    HA: >$453,993.94 
    Use your sample of n = 300 and your mean to conduct a hypothesis test using a 5% level of significance to determine if the mean apartment price is more than $453,993.94. Refer to example 9.16 from your text for additional guidance. 
    As part of your presentation to city government officials (Google Slides – Part 2), explain the results of the one-sample hypothesis test conducted based on your data, and determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. Additionally, make reference to any other statistics that you deem important in your own analysis of apartment prices. In light of your analysis, make a recommendation to the city government leaders regarding the accuracy of the information that the real-estate investors provided. 
    Conclusion 
    Write a meaningful conclusion that summarizes your findings regarding both the residents and real-estate investors and make your own recommendation to the city government officials about apartment prices within 41-kilometers of the Central Business District of Melbourne. 
    Ethical Considerations of Statistics 
    In your Google Slides – Part 2 presentation, reflect on the tension between the pressure to manipulate data to support an existing desired outcome and employing proper statistical techniques to determine an outcome that is in line with ethical statistical practices and a Christian worldview in the context of the provided scenario regarding real-estate investors and city residents. See the Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice (opens in new window). For context about a Christian worldview in regard to work and communication of information, review this link from Truth, Honesty and Deception in the Workplace: Overview opens in new window). Pay special attention in this article to the introduction, conclusion, Truthtelling in the Bible (opens in new window), Why Truthtelling is Important (opens in new window), and There May Be Exceptions to Truthtelling in the Workplace (opens in new window). 
    Submit a link to your shared presentation in Google Drive.
    Resources
    How to Share and Submit a Copy of Sheets and Slides [00:02:17]
    Requirements
    300-500 words in a new Google Slides File template (6 slides) in addition to the outlined deliverables in the slide template and instructions
    Before you submit a file…
    Check your document for spelling and grammatical errors.
    Refer to your course syllabus (opens in new window) for details on grading criteria and the university’s late work policy.

  • Title: Analysis of Class Data Set

    Please do Applied Part (pdf file attached)
    By using Class Data Set (SAV file attached).
    -Send the answers as (word and pdf file)

  • “Analyzing Regional Housing Market Trends: A Statistical Approach” “Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals for Regional Home Square Footage”

    Competency
    In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:
    Apply statistical techniques to address research problems
    Perform hypothesis testing to address an authentic problem
    Overview
    In this project, you will apply inference methods for means to test your hypotheses about the housing sales market for a region of the United States. You will use appropriate sampling and statistical methods.
    Scenario
    You have been hired by your regional real estate company to determine if your region’s housing prices and housing square footage are significantly different from those of the national market. The regional sales director has three questions that they want to see addressed in the report:
    Are housing prices in your regional market lower than the national market average?
    Is the square footage for homes in your region different than the average square footage for homes in the national market?
    For your region, what is the range of values for the 95% confidence interval of square footage for homes in your market?
    You are given a real estate data set that has houses listed for every county in the United States. In addition, you have been given national statistics and graphs that show the national averages for housing prices and square footage. Your job is to analyze the data, complete the statistical analyses, and provide a report to the regional sales director. You will do so by completing the Project Two Template located in the What to Submit area below.
    Directions
    Introduction
    Region: Start by picking one region from the following list of regions:
    West South Central, West North Central, East South Central, East North Central, Mid Atlantic
    Purpose: What is the purpose of your analysis?
    Sample: Define your sample. Take a random sample of 500 house sales for your region.
    Describe what is included in your sample (i.e., states, region, years or months).
    Questions and type of test: For your selected sample, define two hypothesis questions (see the Scenario above) and the appropriate type of test for each. Address the following for each hypothesis:
    Describe the population parameter for the variable you are analyzing.
    Describe your hypothesis in your own words.
    Identify the hypothesis test you will use (1-Tail or 2-Tail).
    Level of confidence: Discuss how you will use estimation and confidence intervals to help you solve the problem.
    1-Tail Test
    Hypothesis: Define your hypothesis.
    Define the population parameter.
    Write null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses. Note: For means, define a hypothesis that is less than the population parameter.
    Specify your significance level.
    Data analysis: Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics and confirm assumptions have not been violated to complete this hypothesis test.
    Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.
    In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation. Note: For quartiles 1 and 3, use the quartile function in Excel:
    =QUARTILE([data range], [quartile number])
    Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information (under Supporting Materials, see the National Summary Statistics and Graphs House Listing Price by Region PDF). Note: For shape, think about the distribution: skewed or symmetric.
    Check the conditions.
    Determine if the normal condition has been met.
    Determine if there are any other conditions that you should check and whether they have been met. Note: Think about the central limit theorem and sampling methods.
    Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations.
    Calculate the hypothesis statistics.
    Determine the appropriate test statistic (t). Note: This calculation is (mean – target)/standard error. In this case, the mean is your regional mean, and the target is the national mean.
    Calculate the probability (p value). Note: This calculation is done with the T.DIST function in Excel:
    =T.DIST([test statistic], [degree of freedom], True) The degree of freedom is calculated by subtracting 1 from your sample size.
    Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.
    Relate the p value and significance level.
    Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).
    Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.
    2-Tail Test
    Hypotheses: Define your hypothesis.
    Define the population parameter.
    Write null and alternative hypotheses. Note: For means, define a hypothesis that is not equal to the population parameter.
    State your significance level.
    Data analysis: Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics and confirm assumptions have not been violated to complete this hypothesis test.
    Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.
    In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation. Note: For quartiles 1 and 3, use the quartile function in Excel:
    =QUARTILE([data range], [quartile number])
    Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information. Note: For shape, think about the distribution: skewed or symmetric.
    Check the assumptions.
    Determine if the normal condition has been met.
    Determine if there are any other conditions that should be checked on and whether they have been met. Note: Think about the central limit theorem and sampling methods.
    Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations.
    Calculate the hypothesis statistics.
    Determine the appropriate test statistic (t). Note: This calculation is (mean – target)/standard error. In this case, the mean is your regional mean, and the target is the national mean.]
    Determine the probability (p value). Note: This calculation is done with the TDIST.2T function in Excel:
    =T.DIST.2T([test statistic], [degree of freedom]) The degree of freedom is calculated by subtracting 1 from your sample size.
    Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.
    Compare the p value and significance level.
    Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).
    Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.
    Comparison of the test results: Revisit Question 3 from the Scenario section: For your region, what is the range of values for the 95% confidence interval of square footage for homes?
    Calculate and report the 95% confidence interval. Show or describe your method of calculation.
    Final Conclusions
    Summarize your findings: In one paragraph, summarize your findings in clear and concise plain language.
    Discuss: Discuss whether you were surprised by the findings. Why or why not?