Category: Psychiatry

Generalized Anxiety
Recommend one FDA-approved drug, one off-label drug, and one nonpharmacological intervention for treating your assigned disorder in children and adolescents.
Explain the risk assessment you would use to inform your treatment decision making. What are the risks and benefits of the FDA-approved medicine? What are the risks and benefits of the off-label drug?
Explain whether clinical practice guidelines exist for this disorder and, if so, use them to justify your recommendations. If not, explain what information you would need to take into consideration.
Support your reasoning with at least three scholarly resources, one each on the FDA-approved drug, the off-label, and a non-medication intervention for the disorder. Attach the PDFs of your sources.

You will reply to two original posts of your peers with at least 150 words and include one reference. 1st response to original peer post.  2nd response to original peer post.  You may reply to peers who reply to you however, there are no points for these response posts.
Please respond to this: 
Anchored on dialectical philosophy, dialectical behavior therapy is a structured outpatient treatment developed by Dr. Marsha Linehan for the treatment of borderline personality disorder.  Consisting of four treatment modes ideally delivered over a year, this treatment employs social learning theory and principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (Flynn et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2022). The development of this treatment initially stemmed from Linehan’s desire to figure out a treatment for suicidal people. She said in the video that early on in her career, nobody believed in borderline personality disorder and most people who were under the earlier version of her therapy thought they had borderline personality disorder and all looked like they met the criteria (UW Video, 2017). Upon finding that there was no theory available of the disorder, Linehan developed her own theory and readjusted the framework of her therapy so as to, in her words, move along with the patient and get radical acceptance of themselves all the while still providing the standard of care (UW Video, 2017).
Also, according to Linehan, while initially DBT was designed to only treat people with borderline personality disorder, because it’s effective in improving mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation skills and interpersonal skills, this therapy is also now used for treating a wide range of mental health conditions (UW Video, 2017; Tan et al., 2022). Despite many criticisms, many studies support the aforementioned statement, showing that different groups of people, regardless of age, gender and race, can be under this therapy.
For example, in a recent study on patients with substance use disorder diagnosed with BPD, it was found that DBT is empirically effective even if the program was only done for 28 days, displaying results such as reduction of general dysfunction and decrease blaming (Buono et al., 2021). Meanwhile, in another recent study, for a relatively short period of observation, adolescents with manic depressive symptoms in an acute care intensive unit showed significantly better improvement than those patients who were under treatment as usual (TAU). Furthermore, the former’s scores on different depression measures that determine the severity of their symptoms were significantly lower upon discharge (Saito et al., 2020).
References
Buono, F. D., Larkin, K., Rowe, D., Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., Sprong, M. E., & Garakani, A. (2021). Intensive dialectical behavior treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder with and without substance use disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.629842
Flynn, D., Kells, M., & Joyce, M. (2021). Dialectical behavior therapy: Implementation of an evidence-based intervention for borderline personality disorder in public health systems. Current Opinion in Psychology, 37(1), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.01.002
Saito, E., Tebbett-Mock, A. A., & McGee, M. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy decreases depressive symptoms among adolescents in an acute-care inpatient unit. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 30(4), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2019.0149
Tan, M. Y. L., McConnell, B., & Barlas, J. (2022). Application of dialectical behavior therapy in treating common psychiatric disorders: Study protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open, 12(9), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058565
UW Video. (2017). Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): Where we were, where we are and where are we going. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/hM_Pj_MvpcM?si=4B2O88139c-x9vzz

I just need proofreading and editing services. specifically help with Grammar, punctuation and mechanics, Sentence variety and clarity, word choice and transition 

A 75-year-old widower walks into your practice to request therapy services.  He has grieved the loss of his wife for the last 28 months; they were married 50 years.
Explain the significance of interpersonal deficit as it relates to interpersonal therapy
Describe how you would ask “very good” questions to facilitate the patient’s ability to see their own experiences.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted, and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.  Your initial post is worth 8 points.

The specific role of the therapeutic relationship in psychiatric mental health nursing practice is complex but very influential. It is at the heart of care, playing a vital role in the result, usage of medicine and overall welfare of the client. It is, therefore, building further on this foundational element that makes apparent the complexities and deep significance within the therapeutic process. 
Crucially, the heart of therapeutic relationship is the partnership between PMHNP and the client centered in trust, empathy and mutual respect. This partnership extends beyond the ordinary professional relationship, into the world of human connection where the PMHNP becomes more of a healer, supporter, and companion (Smith, 2023). In this context, the PMHNP provides a secure and non-judgmental environment where clients are able to critically examine their thoughts, emotions, and experiences without being worried about stigma or any repercussion. 
The therapeutic relationship is a broad concept that includes a series of therapeutic modalities and techniques that are designed in a variety of ways to suit different client needs. There is a wide range of evidence-based psychotherapies available for psychiatrists with a mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) specialization; these include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), from psychodynamic therapy to interpersonal therapy (Jones & Brown, 2024).  The PMHNPs draw upon this vast repertoire of interventions to address the complex interaction of biological, psychological, PMHNPs promote healing and recovery by using an approach that includes active listening, empathetic understanding, and skillful interpretation in working collaboratively with patients through goal setting, treatment plan and ongoing assessments. 
Additionally, the therapeutic relationship reaches beyond the boundaries of the clinical setting, infiltrating into the lives of clients and their municipalities. PMHNPs work hand in hand with clients’ families and support systems, other healthcare professionals, and offer holistic and individualized care. They protect clients’ rights, options, and decisions, thus their voices are heard and respected throughout the course of the treatment (Jones & Brown, 2024). Community moving forward requires forming networks with health agencies, community-based organizations, and advocacy groups to provide patients with tools for overcoming systems and accessing essential services. 
Hence, the therapeutic relationship in not a static one but it grows with time and which is in accordance with changing nature of the client along the way towards healing and healing. PMHNPs, always attentive to changes on the client’s side, likewise adjust intervention parameters in line with the client’s evolving or changing needs, wishes, and treatment goals.  PMHNPs, in this way, continue to provide patient-centered and culturally appropriate care (Smith, 2023). They walk over the hurdles of projecting and counter projecting with mindfulness and reflection, taking into account the fact that their own thoughts and prejudices can affect the course of the treatment. 
APNA Standard 5G provides the foundation for therapeutic relationship which is the center of psychiatric mental health nursing care.  The standard emphasizes the need for implementing a highly professional and humane care practice that is guided by ethics, empathy, and compassion. By upholding the basic principles of therapeutic communication, sympathy, and ethical practice, PMHNPs create healing relationships, which help clients to find a sense of hope, strengthen their resilience, and enable to change their lives in a positive way.
References
Smith, A. B. (2023). The Therapeutic Relationship in PMHNP Practice: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 31(2), 10-18.
Jones, C. D., & Brown, E. F. (2024). Building a Strong Therapeutic Relationship with PMHNPs: A Patient’s Perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 79(5), 1120-1128.

Psychotherapy refers to the technique of solving an individual’s problems by use of methods which are mainly aimed at changing behavior and improving happiness level. It focuses on promoting better social and emotional functioning to improve the individual’s sense of satisfaction and a general improvement of quality of their lives. The process of psychotherapy has four stages which include therapy initiation, understanding of the emotional experiences, implementing change, and planning and concluding the therapy (Deits-Lebehn et al., 2020). A Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) has several roles to play in psychotherapy. 
The PMHNPs, just like other nurses, play roles in the patient evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management processes. They specialize in dealing with individuals with psychiatric problems which include but not limited to depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.  To begin with, the PMHNP play a role in the provision of therapy suited for psychiatric patient management. In this role, the PMHNPs deal with individuals, groups or families. The use of evidence-based approaches are of great importance to the practice of PMHNPs. Nursing care as an evidence-based practice relies on the scientifically proven findings which guide various aspects of clinical practice such as therapy choices. Interventions relating to behavioral management such as dialectical behavior therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy, help the nurse practitioner implement clinical are employed by the nurses and are vital in psychotherapy (Salkovskis et al., 2023). Cognitive therapy focuses on promoting helpful feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, which in turn help in quality of life improvement (Norbury et al., 2024). The cognitive therapy approach helps in the treatment of many psychiatric problems which include but not limited to depression and anxiety. In addition, the nurse practitioners play a role in establishing and maintaining an effective patient-nurse relationship which is important for effective treatment progress. The nurse ensures that this relationship is built on trust, empathy, power, respect, and professional intimacy. 
Furthermore, the nurse practitioner assists the patient in undertaking various activities. Psychiatric patients need assistance and support in performing various personal tasks of daily life since on their own they may not be able to do so. Psychiatric patients are associated with impaired or poor decision-making due to their disturbed mental state (Calcedo-Barba et al., 2020). It is therefore important for the nurse practitioner to oversee, guide, and educate both the patient and their families. The PMHNPs are also tasked with observing and assessing the progress of their patients to determine the effectiveness of the psychotherapy intervention chosen. 
Alignment with APNA Standard 5G: Therapeutic Relationship
The standard dictates and stresses on the need for using therapeutic relationship by PMHNPs for clinical patient care. Nurses monitor the progress of their patients in order to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy (Klatte et al., 2021). The PMHNPs therefore use the therapeutic relationship to monitor the patient during the treatment process and provide any necessary requirement at any point of the treatment process. The role of the PMHNPs also aligns with the APNA by enabling the nurse to understand the patient’s needs. Understanding the needs enables the nurse to choose relevant interventions tailored to meet these needs. A positive therapeutic relationship is essential for the achievement of positive patient outcomes. 
References
Calcedo-Barba, A., Fructuoso, A., Martinez-Raga, J., Paz, S., Sánchez de Carmona, M., & Vicens, E. (2020). A meta-review of literature reviews assessing the capacity of patients with severe mental disorders to make decisions about their healthcare. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02756-0
Deits-Lebehn, C., Baucom, K. J. W., Crenshaw, A. O., Smith, T. W., & Baucom, B. R. W. (2020). Incorporating physiology into the study of psychotherapy process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(4), 488–499. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000391
Klatte, K., Pauli-Magnus, C., Love, S. B., Sydes, M. R., Benkert, P., Bruni, N., Ewald, H., Arnaiz Jimenez, P., Bonde, M. M., & Briel, M. (2021). Monitoring strategies for clinical intervention studies. The Cochrane Library, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.mr000051.pub2
Norbury, A., Hauser, T. U., Fleming, S. M., Dolan, R. J., & Huys, Q. J. M. (2024). Different components of cognitive-behavioral therapy affect specific cognitive mechanisms. Science Advances, 10(13). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk3222
Salkovskis, P. M., Sighvatsson, M. B., & Sigurdsson, J. F. (2023). How effective psychological treatments work: mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioural therapy and beyond. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 51(6), 595–615. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465823000590

Below, in the attachment where it is stated ” 5 goals” is the notes to use for the powerpoint. It is majority of the answers . I already created the 5 goals. I would like you to rephrase        them and put it all together On the powerpoint . You do not have use  all the information that are attach to “5 goals”, use bullet points ON THE POWERPOINT . but on the note section, Please write for each goal A minium of 100 words .  5 goals equals 500 words. 100 words for each goal. 
PLEASE FOLLOW THE RUBRIC. it is attach under  “smart goals’. Following the rubric will help get an A
I started on the powerpoint to show an example of how it needs to be done. 
PLEASE DO NOT USE AI OR PLAGIARSM!!!!!   THAT IS AN AUTOMATIC F !!!!

Topic Selection: Select a topic that interests you and that is relevant to nursing Psychiatric practice. Your topic should be broad enough to allow for an in-depth exploration
Psychiatric Nursing-SFN-GR01 Yura Casanas Gonzalez
Library Assignment Instructions
Library Assignment Instructions for Nursing Students
Purpose:
The purpose of this library assignment is to help nursing students to develop their research skills and to become familiar with different credible data sources available through the Library page at the FNU.edu website. In addition, this assignment will help students to apply the PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time) question format to develop a research question and to locate and evaluate scholarly sources.
Instructions:
Topic Selection: Select a topic that interests you and that is relevant to nursing Psychiatric practice. Your topic should be broad enough to allow for an in-depth exploration but narrow enough to be manageable within the scope of an 1500-2000-word research paper. You may select a topic related to patient care, nursing education, health promotion, or any other area of nursing practice that interests you.
Searching for Literature: Use the Library page at the FNU.edu website to search for scholarly sources related to your topic. You must utilize at least 3 scholarly sources that have been published within the last 5 years. You may use databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Clinical Key, The Cochrane Library. Be sure to use appropriate keywords and to apply search filters to limit your search to scholarly, peer-reviewed articles.
Evaluating Sources: Once you have identified potential sources, use the CRAAP test (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose) to evaluate their credibility and relevance to your research question. Be sure to select sources that are relevant to your topic, written by credible authors, and based on rigorous research methods.
Writing the Paper: Your research paper should follow APA 7 guidelines and include the following sections: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Be sure to use in-text citations and to include a reference list at the end of your paper.
Please keep in mind that the paper will be checked for plagiarism, and similarity above 25% will not be accepted for submission. 
Grading Criteria:
Your research paper will be graded based on the following criteria:
PICOT question format (10 points)
Use of at least 3 scholarly sources published within the last 5 years (10 points)
Credibility and relevance of sources (10 points)
APA 7 formatting, including in-text citations and reference list (10 points)
Introduction (10 points)
Literature Review (20 points)
Methodology (10 points)
Results (10 points)
Discussion (10 points)
Conclusion (10 points)
Plagiarism (10 points)
Total points: 100