Category: Political Science

Length: 1200 words
Assignment: Imagine that you work for an elected official. You
believe in this policymaker’s skills in effecting change, but their
expertise is mainly in domestic social affairs. When issues related to
international economics come up, your boss turns to you for advice. You
use your knowledge and resources to distill the issue at hand down to a
concise brief, in which you describe the problem, assess a couple of
different positions or approaches, and make your policy recommendations.
It’s important that your brief is both well-researched and persuasive.
Your recommendations should be based on logic and evidence, otherwise
your boss will have a hard time making a decision.
This time, your boss asks you to write a brief on the impacts of the
COVID pandemic on trade. Your boss wants to know which parts of the
economy have been impacted, in what ways, and by how much. You
understand that because your boss is a policymaker, they’ll also want to
hear about the kinds of legislation they should support in response to
the problems you identify. To write your Economic Issue Brief, you’ll
have to begin with a bit of research. Utilize 2-3 reputable sources
(feel free to use economic policy briefs from the government or research
institutions as your sources!) and make sure to cite them using APA
format at the end of your brief.
Elements of a policy brief:
Title—make sure it describes what’s in the brief, but keep it concise!
Summary—a 1-paragraph overview of what your brief contains
Description of the problem—a description of what the problem is, why it’s important, and whom it’s likely to affect
Approaches/positions—a breakdown of the choices your boss has before
her. What are her options with regard to taking a position on this
issue? What policy changes are being considered?
Policy recommendations—make your case! What should your elected official do?
Sources—please cite your sources using APA citation style

Requirements:
Respond to the basic questions for the assignment.
1. Written Assignment should be 2 pages in length.
2. The paper must be typed, double-spaced, and 12 font size.
5. Respond to all of the questions in the assignment. 1 through 5 covers the minimum requirements: 5 points
6. Correct application of the Chicago Style on the in-text citations and bibliography: Cite the readings and the lectures. When citing the readings, make sure to use the Chicago Style (see Module 9)…(author, date, page number) and when you cite the lecture notes make sure to identify them in your citation as identified in the modules (Example if you’re using the powerpoint: S14MexicanPolitics2ppt(2) (1).ppt.) Make sure to use all of the readings and lectures. Correct application of the Chicago Style will give you at a minimum 7 points.
7. Application of readings and class notes and documents from the module. A strong paper applies readings and class notes or documents from the modules.
8. At the end of the assignment post the bibliography of the sources cited in the paper. Follow the Chicago Style.
*Submission of the correct structure of the paper and the requirements listed in the assignment, plus the correct application of the Chicago Style ( in-text citations, and bibliography), integration, full integration of class notes, ppt documents and other material provided is required.
All relevant/required materials will be provided. Use all of them in your essay. I will also provide an example of how the assignment and the citations/intext should look like. Please follow it. NO plagiarism or use of AI.
Questions:
1. Pietro Nivola seems to strike a counterintuitive note on partisanship. What is the basis for his argument that partisanship in Washington could be beneficial in certain ways? One of the assertions is about the United States becoming more “parliamentary” as a result, which begs the question: If Nivola thinks this is beneficial, should the United States not shift to a parliamentary system of government? Do you believe the United States should d so, and why or why not?
2. The pieces in this section ( Nivola, Risen and Friedman) illustrate different party systems. How do you think the structure of these party systems (such as single party vs multi-party systems) affects how interest groups participate in the political process differently? What about the citizenry at large? Do single-party and dominante party systems (like China) imply that individuals and interest groups don’t really matter in politics, since the same party always wins elections? Why or why not?
3. Consider the two-party system in the United States, in which the Democrats and Republicans routinely win nearly all national elections, even as Congress and the parties themselves are often unpopular and many people wish for a third party to emerge. What about the electoral system and the social realities in the United States raises obstacles to third parties? Or, why do you think the existing two-party system is so stable, seemingly making it impossible for a multi-party system?
4. Pick one of the case studies in the Module: Mexico and France. What do we learn about the nature of political parties in the above two countries? Apply the concepts from the readings in our textbook as well as the readings in Dickovick and Eastwood.

Please write me 1000 words for EACH of the questions meaning write me 1000 words for question 1 and 1000 words for question 2. Please make sure you are using sources and citing everything. Please Please Please make sure everything is cited properly. Link for question 1: https://www.voanews.com/a/labor-protests-pick-up-i.. Link for questions 2 : https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1dc9k7j
When doing the second question, you my you all of the chapter OTHER THAN 1 Actors and Agency in China’s Belt and Road Initiative An introduction. This is the only chapter that you may not use when writing this question. Here are some of the readings that you should try relating the questions too :
– https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.sdsu.edu/science/article/pii/S1043951X16300785
– (Some have been linked as a file)

What is a Proposal? In business and government, a proposal is a persuasive document designed to convince the organization that a law, product, strategy, or service you are proposing is the correct course of action. Proposals may be unsolicited or requested (i.e., an RfP – Request for Proposal). A goal or objective is not by itself a Proposal, though all Proposals have an objective. A Proposal must include a clear statement of the actions that will be taken by the organization to achieve the goal.
You have received an RfP for a project or potential law for the government to undertake or work on in the next legislative session, or if in California, potentially a ballot proposition for the voters to consider. You can choose any level of government, Federal, State, local, including even SCC, but you can only dictate what ONE governmental entity can do. So, you can mandate CALIFORNIA, but not each state independently. Texas, for example, would be able to do something different. If you want ALL states, then it must be a Federal mandate. You can mandate Fairfield, but you can’t mandate ALL cities. If you want ALL cities, it would need to be at state or federal level. Etc. This comes into play for things like prison related topics (most inmates are in state prisons, not federal), education (most education rules are set on state/local level) etc. Pick a ROLE and PLAY it. You can be a citizen, a businessperson, a congressperson, an executive, a member of a non-profit or Political Action Committee…Anything you want. Then assume that persona for your style and approach. (This is not a requirement, but can make it fun. I DO want you to put yourself in the spot of being someone actually trying to get your proposal enacted.)
Pick a topic from anything that you would like to see the government do or law that you would like to see passed. Good ideas are found in the ISideWith Survey. Based on YOUR answers, what do you think should/should NOT be done by Government? Topic selection is part of the grading criteria. If you pick something overdone (2nd Amend, abortion, marijuana, gay marriage) that is fine, but expect to be graded more stringently for plagiarism. You will also have a higher standard for research and creative/new ideas and approaches.
BE PRECISE with your Proposal. Tell me EXACTLY/SPECIFICALLY what action you are proposing to do. This is NOT a paper to “talk about” an issue, or explore possible paths, or only discuss pros and cons. For example: Bad – “Lets talk about speed limits and traffic fatalities” Good: “This is a proposal to decrease speed limits on all interstate highways to 35mph.” Proposal statement itself must be in BOLD type. Ex: “Traffic fatalities are increasing to an unacceptable rate, therefore, This is a proposal to decrease speed limits on all interstate highways to 35mph.” DO NOT bold everything, just the statement. The actual proposal is NOT limited to 1 sentence. However, it MUST be precise and complete. If it is part of your plan, it should be IN the proposal statement. Think of it as an extended thesis statement.
ANYONE can come up with a nice sounding idea, but that is less than half of what you need for a good proposal. YOUR task is to connect an idea or goal to a specific plan to achieve that goal and propose that plan be enacted. Example: “Schools should OPEN!” Duh. How specifically will that be accomplished?
Standard for all work is typed, double spaced, 12 point, Arial or Times New Roman Font (this is to give a standard idea for how much a “page” is, mostly just needs to be readable size and font). Abstract is single spaced. Please “Justify” your text ( Select all, then Ctrl-J -this makes it look more professional). Total text (What YOU write) should be 3000 words or more. Turn in as attachment only (no hard copy required), in Canvas. Internal Citations/footnotes and Bibliography required – details below. You MUST provide internal citation (parenthetical) or footnote for ANYTHING/EVERYTHING that you use from any other source. Can use “parentheticals” = Author last name, pg # if available and date if more than 1 article by same author in parentheses AFTER the information used. DO this EVEN IF you name the author in the text. Ex: according to Bundenthal, “Parentheticals and internal citations are essential for a passing grade.” (Bundenthal, pg. 1, 2021.)
You MUST cite ALL graphs, etc. IN the chart, in your text after any reference, and ALSO in the Bibliography. In MSWord, right click on your Chart and use “Insert Caption” for LABEL and Cite
Please take advantage of SCC Writing Center for help or use Purdue OWL or other websites linked below. OR ask me for feedback for your rough draft.
IF you are using WORD, GOTO References, then Insert Citation. Choose APA or MLA style
DO NOT EXPECT to pass if you do not properly cite
Alphabetize Works Cited by the first word in the citation. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the. For each author, give the last name followed by a comma and the first name followed by a period. In a parenthetical, put author’s last name followed by a comma, the year of the article, and page # if available.
You MUST use MS Office or Open Office, PDF or Google Docs (Do not require me to sign in to Google docs or get permission to access. DOWNLOAD it into Canvas so you can see it properly attached. You can download OO free Open Office ). Recommend saving file as a PDF and submitting that. This helps with retaining margins and page breaks and makes paper look more polished.
DO NOT ZIP FILES! DO NOT SUBMIT .pages files!
Include the following elements. Label them ( “Abstract,” “Introduction,” etc. Do not label title page) and start each new section on a new page:
Title page (feel free to be creative here with design. You want something attractive to draw in potential readers)
Title of proposal
Name of organization, writer, writers, submitting proposal (You can be ANY level of government you want, from Solano ASSC to US Federal)
Date on which the proposal is submitted
Table of Contents
Provide complete, clear listing of contents with page numbers. Do not include title page
List of illustrations, charts, etc.
Abstract (or summary) No more than 1 page – 3 paragraphs, one for each bullet function, single spaced. Submit (copy and paste) a “sample”/rough draft abstract as a progress check on the project, then include in final paper as well. Needs to be an abstract not an intro: A summary, condensed statement of what your proposal will cover:
Clear statement of your proposal in BOLD font. Needs specific wording: “I propose that…” or “This is a proposal to…”
Clear overview of what your paper will cover in order to support the proposal: “In order to support the proposal, this paper will examine…1., 2., 3….”
Clear statement of expected outcome if proposal goes into effect. “If this proposal is enacted the following outcomes are expected…”
Make it easier on yourself (and me to grade) by just using my exact wording. A,B,C, should be their own paragraph even if short.
Introduction (Purpose and Problem)
1 page minimum. Double spaced. Purpose – tell your readers the reason for your proposal (explain why you are writing and what you hope to achieve);
Highlight the importance of your proposal. Include data or anecdote to grab attention of reader.
Clearly state the problem (and reveal your knowledge of the situation).
Note: Spend more time explaining the problem than on stating the proposal’s purpose.
Discussion (the body of the proposal)
5 pages of text minimum suggested (a full-page chart does not count as a page). Sell your idea, service, or suggested solution. What will make the reader support or vote for the proposal? Provide any or all of the following components as needed for you specific topic.
Examples of what you might include in your discussion, but you may choose what issues and organization you feel is appropriate (#1 mandatory):
Analysis of problem – studies, strategies, techniques.
A “literature review” similar to our other assignment.
Details of proposal – How does it work? What would it do?
Analysis of political climate regarding issue -what are chances it could be done? Barriers?
Literature review – review some of the main authors/work that has defined your proposal area in the academic literature. (Prof Bundenthal really likes this idea. If you do it, put it first after your intro.)
Who needs to be involved and at what point
Options for solutions, particularly your recommended proposal
Chains of command (organizational charts)
Plan of action with different phases
Schedules for implementation
Budget, Etc.
Conclusion/recommendation
1 page minimum
Sum up your proposal and provide a sense of closure
If appropriate restate the problem, your solution, and the probable benefits
Glossary (optional)
In a proposal going to a multi-level audience, provide a glossary that explains any technical terms you have included. Make sure your glossary is in alphabetical order and is easy to read
Works cited/Bibliography
FULL CITATION for all material used listed here. Any reader must be able to go to your original source and see exactly what you saw.
Make sure to use standard citation format consistently and accurately (e.g., MLA citations)
Bibliography should be alphabetical
Tips:
•Present the benefits of your proposal or solution
•Anticipate the probable objections of your opponents and respond to or “preempt” them.
YOU MUST INCLUDE A MINIMUM of 5 CHARTS, GRAPHS, MAPS, or PICS in your Proposal.
Each one should have a citation for the original source and include approximately 1 paragraph of your analysis/text that explains that Image. Examples of this are seen in the Domhoff article and Letter from Bill Gates linked below. I want this information to DRIVE your body analysis. If you have good data, the text writes itself as you describe and interpret what we see. These DO NOT COUNT as a “page” so are in addition to the minimums listed above.
Do NOT simply cut and paste net info. It is your job to analyze, evaluate, synthesize, apply, and give context.
What does that chart/statistic MEAN? Why is it RELEVANT? What questions does it present? What are the answers? Your grade will depend on your “value added” –ie, what analysis, interpretations, perspectives do you make that add to our understanding of the problem area. Insert these into the Text and use text wrap or lines to divide from regular text. If you find good charts/data and explain them, the body writes itself.
My expectation is that you will find and properly cite these charts via your research. However, if you have data that is not in chart form, it is quite easy to in MS Office with Excel or Open Office and other programs. If you create your own, please make it clear and I will give you significant bonus consideration. You MUST cite ALL graphs, etc. in the paper. In MSWord, right click on your Chart and use “Insert Caption.”
You MUST use MS Office or Open Office, PDF or Google Docs (you can download OO free http://www.openoffice.org/ ).
When you use data from a chart in the text, you should still have a citation after that data.
DO NOT ZIP FILES! DO NOT SUBMIT .pages files!
Sources:
No specific number are required, but a minimum of 10 is expected (but that is a “soft” number. Quality sources are more important than quantity.). You need to be the “expert” on your Proposal so you ought to have a background which includes the basic statistics and relevant positions/theories about the topic. You are being graded on this aspect of your overall presentation and “selling” of your Proposal.!
Citations:
You must provide an internal citation/Parenthetical/footnote for ANY information or quote you get from an outside source. “Parentheticals” = Author last name, pg # if available and date if more than 1 article by same author in parentheses AFTER the information used. DO this EVEN IF you name the author in the text. Ex: according to Bundenthal, “Parentheticals and internal citations are essential for a passing grade.” (Bundenthal, pg. 1, 2021.)
IF you are using WORD, GOTO References, then Insert Citation. Choose APA or MLA style.
Cite ALL GRAPHS, PICS, Charts. Note: Google images is NOT a source. You have to find WHERE the info is from. If it is on a google image, but no source for the actual info, then AVOID IT! (In MSWord, right click on your Chart and use “Insert Caption.”)
BIG rule: Better safe than sorry. When in doubt CITE!
This is followed by full citation in the Bibliography. A Bibliography/Works Cited should list all sources in alphabetical order (by Author). Sources found/used online MUST have a full/working URL included. I (or any reader) must have enough information that I can easily find the original source. DO NOT ONLY list a web address. YOU MUST have the traditional info – Author, Title, Source, Date, Pg # as well. I do expect a specific linked URL/Address instead of just listing “Web”.

In recent years, the iconic prime minister  Margaret Thatcher has been the subject of much debate regarding her impacts on politics and her stance on feminism. Peter Morgan, known for his acclaimed television series “The Crown”, has characterised Thatcher as a “feminist heroine”, suggesting that during her leadership, she exemplified qualities that could be interpreted as feminist. This portrayal has successfully sparked admiration and scepticism among many commentators, raising the question: does Peter Morgan’s characterization of Margaret Thatcher as a feminist heroine withstand critical scrutiny? This question will delve into the countless complexities of Thatcher’s political legacy. Therefore, it will prompt an examination of Thatcher’s actions, policies and even rhetoric related to feminism(“the belief in full social, economic and political equality for women’) and the broader implications of labelling infamous political figures of such titles. 
Critically examining political figures and interrogating their labels requires delving into Thatcher’s historical context and the impact of her political actions; with this in mind, more profound insights into the complexities of Thatcher’s political leadership and her implications on society will be acquired. For this reason, an exploration of the validity of portraying Margaret Thatcher as a “feminist heroine” will be conducted by drawing on key concepts in political argumentation and analytical approaches to political phenomena. Through a balanced and in-depth analysis, I will evaluate the strengths and limitations of Peter Morgan’s portrayal. To achieve this, an engagement with many reputable articles from sources will be required to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ongoing debate surrounding  Thatcher’s feminist legacy. 
Peter Morgan confirmed a feminist undercurrent in the news article” Independent”, suggesting that “Thatcher is such an interesting case because she did things that made her a feminist icon… she had no time or regard for women in a professional way. Yet, how she overcame boys club patronizing sort of contempt… make her a feminist heroine, I think”.In this article, Morgan acknowledges Thatcher’s actions, which could be interpreted as feminist despite her lack of regard for women in a professional setting. “But of course, Thatcher was not a feminist”, stating that Thatcher’s actions and policies did not align with feminist principles. She did not necessarily advance feminist agendas, despite some arguments that she could be considered a feminist icon based on her approach to overcoming gender-based challenges, specifically during her leadership, where she introduced privatization and entrepreneurship measures and successfully provided pathways for women to thrive in the business and financial sectors. However,   “Less series airtime is dedicated to the fact that Thatcher’s cuts to public services, union-busting and extreme free-market and individualist ideology run completely counter to the basic principles of feminism.” This suggests that despite some of Thatcher’s political approaches to overcoming gender-based challenges, her policies, such as financial cuts to public services, deregulation and union-busting, have been condemned for financially affecting women in the labour industry and exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities, which contradicts the notion of Thatcher being a feminist heroine. 
Additionally, the UnHerd news article states that” Thatcher never appointed a woman to her cabinet” and that in the  television series “The Crown”, during an episode, Thatcher  tells the  Queen that women are ‘too emotional’ in general for the business of government.” This quote underscores  Thatcher’s rejection of feminist ideals and her unwillingness to embrace gender equality in her political appointments. Therefore, it suggests that her political actions may even contradict the notion of her being a feminist heroine, as portrayed by Peter Morgan in “The Crown. Furthermore, the independent article continues to suggest that “Ultimately, there is an inherent problem with the intimate view we are given into Thatcher’s emotional world and her struggles in a sexist society – because we don’t get the same look into the vast and varied ways she hurt millions across the country throughout her time in office.” This article implies that despite The Crown portraying Thatcher’s obstacles in a male-dominated society, it fails to adequately describe the negative implications of her policies on millions of people,   challenging her label of being a feminist heroine. 
Furthermore, according to the news article “The Times”, it is stated that there  “Attempts to locate empathy in the name of feminism can overshadow the need for accountability when it comes to the real-world impact of these women’s beliefs and actions.” The Times here suggests that  Thatcher’s attempts to empathize with conservative women in the name of feminism can overlook the accountability for their policies and actions, which contradicts the idea of Thatcher being a feminist heroine. “But Thatcher proves a more difficult figure for the series to pin down”, which highlights the complex position Peter Morgan was in attempting to perfectly portray Thatcher in The Crown, hence suggesting that she is not an easily categorized character and, therefore, as a feminist heroine due to the many-sided nature of her character. The Times suggests Thatcher’s portrayal as a feminist heroine is complex, “But the show softens these moments by suggesting that Thatcher suffered at the hands of the patriarchy herself, even if she usually wouldn’t admit it.” For this reason, Morgan depicts her as a feminist heroine by softening  Thatcher’s image and by portraying her as a victim of patriarchy, it manages to complicate the notion of her being a feminist heroine. 
In addition, Morgan, in the independent news article,  acknowledges Thatcher’s significance as a woman, especially for becoming the first female prime minister and breaking through an orthodox male-dominated sphere of politics. For example, “Whether on TV shows or in the news, the credit Schlafly, Thatcher and Coney Barrett get for breaking into the boys’ club often comes without sufficient meditation on the long-term implications of those individual victories.” This quotation argues that the credit given to women like Thatcher during her leadership for breaking the patriarchy often ignores the negative implications of her policies and actions, hence undermining the label of Thatcher as a feminist heroine. Furthermore, the Washington Post article questions Thatcher’s actions and leadership style in the field of feminism. For example, the Washington Post states, “In her 11-plus years as prime minister, Thatcher appointed just one female cabinet member, ” highlighting Thatcher’s lack of effort in promoting feminist movements and advancing their agendas. Thatcher’s rejection of feminist labels is reinforced: “Once Thatcher acquired power, she relished in wielding it over everyone and everything — men, women, all of British society.” This statement is significant as it implies Thatcher’s political leadership refused to prioritize advancing women to positions of power, like her cabinet, undermining the notion of her as a feminist heroine. 
Lastly, the Washington Post article blames Thatcher’s upbringing for her disregard for advancing feminist movements. For example, it is described that “Thatcher revered her father… She never spoke of her mother…” suggesting that Thatcher’s childhood nurture and admiration for her father may have diverged her from promoting gender equality and distanced her from fighting for feminist ideals. However, despite her troubled maternal relationship, “There was no expectation… that she would use her power as the premier to advance the cause of women… She just never, ever does”, which emphasizes that despite her being the first female prime minister, she was still destined to fail in her position to promote women’s rights.
Both the Guardian and CNN agree that “Thatcher waged a ceaseless campaign against the BBC, over its coverage of politics generally and in particular the Falklands war, Northern Ireland, the reporting of the US bombing of Libya, alleged leftwing bias, and its entitlement to the licence fee.” Both news articles see eye to eye on the fact that Thatcher had a hostile approach towards the BBC, a significant institution in the British media, which included several critics of its advocacy for changing the funding model, reflecting her actions on political and ideological objectives rather than working or advocating for feminist causes, hence challenging the notion of her as a feminist heroine. Thatcher’s neglectness towards women’s causes is reinforced when “The comfy straitjacket of TV duopoly enjoyed by the BBC and ITV… was already crumbling when Thatcher arrived at No. 10”, suggesting  Thatcher’s efforts in reshaping the media landscape through policies such as market competition and deregulation. These policies may have provided benefits to the media industry. While it’s prominent in media policy, it still shows that it does directly align with feminist activism, hence illustrating Thatcher’s disregarding behaviour that may deem her unentitled to being labelled as a feminist heroine. 
Additionally, CNN, a prominent institution in American media, manages to contextualize the controversy surrounding Peter Morgan’s television series “The Crown” by stating that  “The fiercest fighting over “The Crown” in Britain is between political tribes selling two equally simplistic narratives. It is a battle between supporters of an old world – the heir to the throne, a Conservative government, a sexual double standard in which decent husbands can cheat and decent women cannot – and the supporters of a new world. ”  This quotation highlights the controversial political and cultural dynamics in Britain portrayed by “The Crown”, hence critiquing the series because the interpretations were often more aligned with ideological positions rather than focusing on the feminist critique of historical representation. In addition, CNN delves into the inaccurate depiction of Thatcher in the crown by suggesting that  ” Even leftists should be angry at the old misogynist lies about women in politics at play here”. The quotation is suggesting that there is an ongoing sexual. Beliefs and stereotypes in how female politicians like Thatcher are portrayed in “The Crown” imply that the portrayal of women figures like Thatcher may not accurately reflect the true nature of her character or actions and instead relies on biased stereotypes, hence suggesting that the series, in general, fails to align with principles of feminism in its depiction of women in positions of power, especially Margaret Thatcher. 
However, while Thatcher may have distanced herself from feminist movements, her actions and policies nevertheless had positive implications for women’s rights. For example, Thatcher’s “attitudes to the welfare state were more complex, and a belief in an individualism drove her reforms” implies that her beliefs in individualism and self-reliance resonated with countless women who were inspired by her and saw her as an example of how hard work could lead to success, regardless of the gender. Although some might argue that  Thatcher’s emphasis on personal responsibility over collective action might align with liberal feminism, others believe her strong opposition to collective action does not inheritably imply aspects of feminist agendas, as they believe collective action is” One way in which gender inequality is reduced”.  Furthermore, many of Thatcher’s economic policies, such as privatisation, were gender-neutral, creating opportunities for women to be involved in business and entrepreneurship. This supports the statement that her depiction in the crown may stand up to scrutiny. However, Thatcher’s actions often reflected scepticism towards a preference for traditional gender roles. Therefore, it is vital to recognize the overwhelming limitations of relying solely on Thatcher’s personal views to examine her stance on feminism, as many of her policies and actions ultimately had broader impacts beyond her individual beliefs. 
To conclude, after a thorough examination, it is evident that Peter Morgan’s depiction of Thatcher as a feminist heroine does not fully withstand scrutiny. While we can agree that Thatcher’s leadership successfully managed to break barriers for women, many of her actions showed a divergence from feminist objectives, which highlights her reluctance to prioritise women’s rights during her leadership. This reluctance raises questions about the validity of labelling her as a feminist heroine, suggesting that Thatcher’s feminist legacy remains contested. Moving forward, it is vital to critically analyse political figures, specifically by engaging with several distinct perspectives and historical contexts. With this in mind,  we can better understand the complexities of feminism and political leadership.  

Lit Review on nine articles where they discuss human security and its importance of it. Please ensure it doesn’t sound robotic and that it highlights the source’s work. 
Please use sources provided 

2-page, double-spaced paper comparing and contrasting readings of your choosing from the week.
George Washington, Farewell Address
Alan I. Abramowitz, “The New American Electorate,” in Abramowitz, The Great Alignment: Race, Party Transformation, and the Rise of Donald Trump(New Haven: Yale University Press), 2018, pp. 90-120.
Pew Research Center. “Polarization in the American public.” June 12, 2014. Introduction, Sections 2 and 3.
Julia Azari, “Weak parties and strong partisanship are a bad combination,” Vox, 3 November 2016
David Karol, “Party Activists, Interest Groups and Polarization in American Politics,” in Thurber and Yoshinaka, American Gridlock, pp. 68-85.
Paul Pierson and Eric Schickler, “Madison’s Constitution Under Stress: A Developmental Analysis of Political Polarization,” Annual Review of Political Science, 2020.

Pol 143 Research paper guidelines
Comparing two countries:
There are 2 options here: A) Pick a puzzle for your paper
that concerns a difference between two countries. You might identify a pair of
countries that have experienced a similar outcome (effect) despite otherwise
mostly dissimilar characteristics (causes or controls), and try to explain why
the two countries experienced the similar outcome.
B) Or you might identify a pair of countries that have
experienced a different outcome despite otherwise mostly similar
characteristics, and try to explain why the two countries experienced the
different outcome.
Your research paper should have five parts: an
introduction, a contextual section, a literature review, an analysis, and a
conclusion. To wit:
Your introduction
should state your problem clearly in the first sentence, briefly describe
your overall conclusion, and outline the structure of your argument. It’s
also helpful to suggest why your topic should interest readers.
Your contextual section
should flesh out your question by defining the terms of your question and
describing the facts that you mean to explain. You should not draw any
conclusions in this section.
Your literature review
should relate how other scholars have explained the facts that you just
described in the contextual section. You should not criticize or analyze
their views in this section.
Your analysis should
advance your own argument based on the facts. You should begin by
explicitly addressing the views of other scholars that you’ve described in
the literature review. You should build your own argument on the pros and
cons that you find in others’ arguments.
Your conclusion should
restate your question and briefly summarize the logic of your analysis. If
you would like to offer suggestions for further work or other flowery
thoughts, this is the place.
Paper introduction and context: 
Your paper’s introduction and context should indicate
what puzzle you will address and make the terms of your question and their
context clear. You should let readers know why your topic is important, and you
should outline the rest of your paper. You should avoid answers to your
question and explanation of causes (though these should appear in summary form
in the outline in this part of your final paper). I will grade this assignment
according to the quality of your statement of your central puzzle, the quality
of the selection and presentation of facts that you offer to make the context
of your puzzle clear, and the coherence with which you establish a clear thesis
and make each part of your paper make sense in terms of that thesis. You should
write it as a coherent paper, not a set of bullet points. Your introduction and
context should be about 3 pages; much shorter and you’ll have left something
out; much longer and you’re probably trying to answer your question as well as
ask it.
Rewrite of Introduction and Context and Literature
review: 
Your literature review should describe how other scholars
have answered your question as well as how they’ve critiqued each other’s
answers. The goal is to describe the most important answers out there in the
scholarly conversation about your question, as well as to trace the development
of the conversation if you can. For each source that you review, you should
describe its conclusion (what causes the effect), its reasoning (how the cause
causes the effect), and its evidence (how the author knows she’s right). It can
make the shape of the scholarly conversation clearer to your audience if you
group scholars who take a similar approach to your question. It’s also helpful
to readers to offer a summary of the perspectives about your question before
and after the paragraphs in which you describe the sources in detail to help
your readers know what you want them to retain. I will grade the literature
review according to the quality and representativeness of your sources and the
quality of your descriptions of their conclusions, reasoning, and evidence.
Your paper should be up to about 3 pages at this point; much shorter and you’ll
probably have left out relevant literature; much longer and you may be getting
carried away with the sources or have moved on prematurely to critiquing them.
Analysis and Conclusion: 
You should start your analysis by explaining what
distinguishes the perspectives you described in your literature review from one
another (e.g. different causes, different reasoning, different evidence). You
should then make a case as to which perspective (or combination thereof, or a
new one of your own) comes closest to the truth as you see it (by, e.g.,
describing new evidence, reinterpreting evidence, describing a missed mechanism
or cause). I will grade the paper according to the quality of your discussion
of how your problem has been and/or might be explained by scholars from
different perspectives, the quality of your analysis of what fundamentally
unites and distinguishes the competing perspectives that you address, and the
coherence with which you establish a clear thesis and make each part of your
paper make sense in terms of that thesis. About 3-4 pages in length

answer this question of 3000 word,
“Should migration be securitized? What are the ethical and political implications of regulating migration through a security framework ?” with the provided slides and readings it should be clear, thank you

Provide a critical film assessment of: The Terminal!
Summarize the film and Inform one or two gender & migration concepts within. (One paragraph)
Interpret and Evaluate the film using the concepts previously mentioned in a critical manner. (One paragraph)
Examine and Rate the film’s treatment of its female characters by assessing if it passes the Bechdel-Wallace Test.
Are there at least two named female characters?
Do they speak to each other?
Do they speak to each other about something other than a male “love” interest?
Provide a quote that you liked reflecting on what one of the film participants have said. (One paragraph)
Reminder
Each answer should be a minimum of a paragraph (A paragraph is 4 sentences). Feel free to write more. Font should be 12 point.