Category: Political Science

Question 1: International conflict 
The following news article (https://www.rd.com/article/how-will-ukraine-war-end/Links to an external site.) discusses the Ukranian War, its causes and how it might end. 
Read the article and interpret the story in the context of a more general debate on international conflict. Your answer will be evaluated based on how coherent of a thesis (argument) it presents, how strongly it is supported with logic and evidence, and how meaningfully and appropriately it uses the following terms and phrases in a 250-word response: 
– War
– Hegemonic war 
– Total war 
– Limited war 
– Civil war 
– Guerilla war
– Individual
-level explanation 
– Domestic
-level explanation 
– Interstate-level explanation 
– Global-level explanation    
Question 2: International conflict 
Read the following news articles: 
1. https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/17/asia/japan-new-defense-base-disputed-islands-intl-hnk/index.html – The article discusses Japan’s recent strategic move and the motivation behind that move
2. https://www.rd.com/article/how-will-ukraine-war-end/ – This article discusses the Ukranian War, its causes and how it might end. Read the articles and interpret the stories in the articles in the context of a more general debate on international conflict. Your answer will be evaluated based on how coherent of a thesis (argument) it presents, how strongly it is supported with logic and evidence, and how meaningfully and appropriately it uses the following terms and phrases in a 250 word response: 
– War 
– Nationalism 
– Ethnic groups
– Ethnic cleansing 
– Ethnocentrism 
– Religion 
– Ideology 
– Territory 
– Economic interest 
– Genocide 
– Secession  
– The 200-mile exclusive economic zone Question 3: Military force and terrorism 
The following news article: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/how-could-north-korea-use-its-nuclear-weapons-2023-12-21/ – This article discusses how North Korea can use its nuclear weapons. 
Read the article and interpret the story in the articles in the context of a more general debate on military force and terrorism. Your answer will be evaluated based on how coherent of a thesis (argument) it presents, how strongly it is supported with logic and evidence, and how meaningfully and appropriately it uses the following terms and phrases in a 250-word response : 
– Conventional military forces 
– Terrorism 
– Weapons of mass destruction
– Revolution in military affairs 
– Counterinsurgency warfare 
– State-sponsored terrorism 
– Nuclear weapons 
– Ballistic missiles 
– Chemical weapons 
– Biological weapons 
– Non-proliferation Treaty of 1968 
– Mutually assured destruction 
– The 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty 
– The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties in the 1970s 
– The START treaties    
Question 4: International organization, law and human rights 
New Articles: 1. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/22/un-water-conference-warns-worsening-scarcity. This article discusses a recent report by the United Nations on worsening water scarcity. 
2. https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/17/europe/icc-russia-war-crimes-charges-intl/index.html 
This article discusses a recent decision by the International Criminal Court (ICC) to issue an arrent warrant for Vladimir Putin. 
Read the articles and interpret the stories in the articles in the context of a more general debate on international organizations. Your answer will be evaluated based on how coherent of a thesis (argument) it presents, how strongly it is supported with logic and evidence, and how meaningfully and appropriately it uses the following terms and phrases in a 250 word response: 
– Intergovernmental organizations 
– Non-governmental organizations 
– The Security Council 
– Peacekeeping
– The UN Secretariat (Current secretary: Antonio Guterres) 
– The General Assembly 
– The World Bank 
– The International Monetary Fund (IMF) 
– The World Trade Organization (WTO) 
– Just-War Doctrine 
– Civil-political rights 
– Economic-social rights 
– The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 
– Amnesty International 
– The Responsibility to Protect  
Question 5: Global Finance and Business 
If someone argued that global business and finance is one area of international relations where state actors are least relevant, would you agree or disagree with him/her? And why? Your answer will be evaluated based on how coherent of a thesis (argument) it presents, how strongly it is supported with logic and evidence, and how meaningfully and appropriately it uses the following terms and phrases  in a 250-word response: 
– The gold standard 
– The exchange rate 
– Fixed exchange rate
– Floating exchange rate 
– Managed floating exchange rate 
– Devaluation 
– Central bank
– Balance of payment
– The current account 
– The capital account 
– Foreign direct investment 
– Foreign indirect (portfolio) investment 
– Trade deficit/surplus
– Multinational corporations 
– Host country 
– Home country  

Introduction
Political culture is the broad and general views of government and politics. Political culture can last a long time, but many factors and events can cause a breakdown of the political culture in a society. Public opinion polls look for specific views on leaders and social issues. Public opinion changes faster than political culture. Public opinions are shaped by political socialization, generational effects, and current social issues within the U.S. and around the world. Polls are conducted to scientifically measure public opinion and to help politicians make decisions about campaign strategies and focus groups.
When researching this essay, pay close attention to the differences and look at political culture and public opinion in our society today. Think about what has shaped your individual political views on political culture and think about your own personal public opinions that you think are important.
Remember to view the assignment rubric (see below) before completing the assignment.
Assignment Instructions
Review the module activities and resources.
Review APA format in Brainfuse.
Review APA style in the Start Here section.
Identify credible resources to complete the assignment tasks.
Answer the prompts using the course resources and your credible resources.
Compare and contrast political culture and public opinion.
Which shapes our society more, political culture or public opinion?
Support your opinion with evidence.
This paper should be 300-500 words in essay format. (Title page, body of the paper, reference page)
Cite and reference all resources utilized in the assignment. There should be two or more references.
Review the presentation for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and APA style.
Review the rubric to identify all required criteria and elements.
Submit to your instructor by the due date listed in the course schedule.
Read Beyond political culture.  Aronoff, M. J., & Kubik, J. (2013). Anthropology and Political Science: A Convergent Approach (1st ed.). Berghahn Books. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qczdw
https://uniteklearning.instructure.com/courses/24839/files/10929513/download?download_frd=1

For this assignment, you will draft a detailed letter to a representative in the U.S. House of Representatives or one of your U.S. Senators, or the U.S. president on a national public policy issue in the United States. In the letter, you will ask the official to adopt a specific position and to take some kind of action, such as proposing a piece of legislation. Your letter must be around 1200-1500 words long, including the endnotes; that would be around four to five pages, typed, double-spaced, using a 12-point font, Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. There is no maximum length.
The letter is to be based on research. To begin with, choose a policy issue and study it, so you can develop a strong argument for the position you advocate and address possible objections or counter-arguments to your position. Basically, you will define a problem (see below for some possible issues), then propose a solution, support that solution with facts, and also against counter-arguments.
What needs to be in the letter
Remember that you are trying to persuade the official to support your position by the strength of your arguments!
– (1) Begin with an introduction in which you state in the first two sentences what specifically you want the official to do. In the rest of the first paragraph, preview the argument that makes up the body of your letter (around 150 words)
– (2) In most of the body of the letter, give your argument for why the official should act as you suggest. This should also have several parts:
– a) sketch the public problem, as you see it (150 words);
– b) describe the inadequacy of the actions taken on it to date (150 words); – c) then argue for a course of action (e.g., passing a law or amendment to a law, or adopting or changing a regulation), including an explanation of the consequences you expect the law to have, giving many facts (with citations). While you may include personal experiences as part of the argument, it must be based primarily on your research. Spend at least 1.5 pages (450 words) on this part of the letter
– (3) Present some of the main counter-arguments or objections to your position. Every issue has at least two sides. Some people will disagree with you for moral, practical, or political reasons. If there are numerous counter-arguments, pick several of the most compelling ones and explain them carefully. Note that there is a danger of reducing the opposing side to a caricature. To avoid this, it is essential to choose strong, not weak counter-arguments, be careful how you paraphrase them and cite sources for them.
– (4) Give your answer (called a rebuttal) to the counter-arguments. Show the official why the objections to your position are not convincing. Spend at least
1
one page (around 300-400 words) on # 3 and # 4, presenting and rebutting the counter-arguments.
– (5) Finish with a brief conclusion, no more than one paragraph.
– Overall, be sure your letter is well organized, using topic sentences to link specific evidence (mostly factual) to your main claim at the start of the letter.
Topics
You must either choose one of the national topics listed here or get my approval for a different national topic. Suggested keywords are included:
– Economy: jobs, unemployment, economic growth, inflation, wages
– Higher education policy: student loans, student financial aid, Pell grants
– K-12 education policy: NCLB, No Child Left Behind
– Energy policy: clean energy, renewable energy, nuclear energy, biofuels, offshore
drilling, oil drilling in Alaska, ANWR
– Climate change policy: climate policy, global warming, climate change, greenhouse gas
emissions, carbon trading, cap and trade, carbon fees
– Health policy: Obamacare, Affordable Care Act, Medicare for all, health care reform, Medicare, Medicaid, individual mandate, pre-existing conditions
– Immigration reform: immigration reform, guest workers, DREAM Act, the path to citizenship, amnesty, immigration or border enforcement, comprehensive immigration reform, deportations, birthright citizenship, the wall at the Mexican border
– Foreign policy: Russia, China, Afghanistan, Syria, Iran and nuclear weapons, ISIS, Iraq, military aid (Israel or Ukraine)
– Civil liberties: Privacy, abortion policy
– Civil rights: criminal justice reform, Voting Rights Act
– Elections: election procedures, voter ID, early voting, automatic voter registration, D.C.
voting rights, former felon voting rights, foreign interference, campaign contributions or finance, dark money, Electoral College Reform
– Judicial appointments: federal judges,
– Impeachment of the president (current or former)
Doing the research
You will need to research several things for this letter. First, you need to focus on
a particular part of the issue you have already identified. To narrow it down, do some
background reading. You can check CQ Researcher, it is a very detailed resource.
2
Both include pro and con arguments on most issues and often mention specific legislation. To get to these sources, CQ, you need to go through the library’s website and there find databases then select CQ researcher.
Second, you need to identify specific legislation or a specific regulation to be the topic of your letter. This can be something that others have already proposed, or it can be your own proposal that you sketch out. To find legislation that has already been proposed, you can use www.govtrack.us or thomas.loc.gov. The purpose here is to propose a solution to the problem you identified earlier.
Third, you will go back to the sources in the above steps as you develop your argument, find counterarguments, and rebut them. You also need to find at least two scholarly sources. Overall, you must use and cite at least five sources for this letter. Sources include:
– CQ Researcher;
– Scholarly sources (scholarly journal articles or scholarly books); – Other sources (e.g., news articles, government documents, etc.)
A scholarly source is one that is published by a university press or in a scholarly journal and cites its sources, most of which are also scholarly sources; scholarly journal articles must be at least 5 pages long. If in doubt about what qualifies, ask me.
To get access to electronic journals, go to the library website.
Use 12-point font with one-inch margins and page numbers centered at the bottom of the page. Proper citations and references must be used following the American Political Science Association Style Manual, which can be found at. https://connect.apsanet.org/stylemanual/
Proper citation is very important. Please make sure that you follow the guidelines!!
Note on plagiarism
If you are using sources from the Internet, be very careful to put the information into your own words (paraphrase, do not copy). If you copy text from internet sources into your letter, even if you change some of the words, turnitin.com will flag this in the Originality Report and I will consider this plagiarism (unless it is a direct quote). Also, do not reuse any text from your short assignments! This is a separate assignment, and you need to write a fresh text, though you may use ideas from previous assignments. Any plagiarism will result in a reduced grade (depending on severity of the plagiarism) and in a report to the Office of Student Affairs. Final papers must be submitted to Turnitin link on our class Blackboard page.
Although you must draw upon appropriate sources, your letter should consist of
analysis, argument, and/or interpretation in your own words. You may quote directly
not more than 10% of the entire letter, and when you quote, you must use quotation 3
marks and cite the source.

I need help with my quantitative analysis in my paper using Stata statistical software. You are free to use any datasets you can can find, comparing GDP etc. Datasets can be found on:
Eurostat
European Central Bank (ECB): Provides detailed information on monetary policies, including interest rates and quantitative easing measures. Visit ECB’s Statistics section.
National Statistical Offices:
Germany (Destatis): https://www.destatis.de/EN/Home/_node.html
Portugal (INE): https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_main
My research question:
How did the European Central Bank’s monetary policy responses to the 2008 financial crisis and the 2010 Eurozone debt crisis differentially impact the economic recovery trajectories of Germany and Portugal, and to what extent did the structural differences in their economies influence these responses?
I attached my paper with a comparative analysis, and i want to use a breif quantitative analysis to emphasize my findings.

This course has studied the American presidency as an institution and through individual case studies of presidential leadership and power.  Based on our
readings and discussions, what skills are most important for effective presidential governance in the twenty-first century?  Does the institution of the American presidency require structural changes to increase prospects and opportunities for presidential leadership? 
Write a complete and detailed essay of approximately 1,200 words to address this question. 
In addressing this question, be sure to include the following:
Evaluation of three leadership qualities in Greenstein’s The Presidential Difference;
Discussion of at least three modern presidents (FDR to Biden), using
Greenstein and Milkis/Nelson texts (and news articles if Biden case
study is included) as references;
Analysis of one reform proposal from the last chapter of the Cronin text, explaining whether you endorse it, and why.
Your essay should have a title and word count at the top of the first page, as
well as an introductory paragraph with a thesis statement, analysis +
evidence paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.
The Greenstein, Cronin, and Milkis/Nelson textbooks must be cited in your
essay for each of the above prompts. Be sure to provide complete citations for other sources.
Include full citation information for all sources, including course readings.
For footnotes, include author, title, publication date, and page number
[or section in textbook].
For in-text references, include author and page number [or section in
textbook], as well as a reference list with full citation information.
For formatting, double-space your essay, and include page numbers. 
Your essay should not be longer than 1,500 words.

Please define and explain the following terms. Your answer for each term must be atleast 300 words and must explain the significance in regards to the Drug War and Untied States Politics. I have include all article needed to answer each term. The link to the articles are included next to each term and there are 4 pdf articles to answer the other questions. I have also attached the instructions to the assignment as well
1. Safe Injection Sites 
2. Plea Bargains – https://www.britannica.com/topic/plea-bargaining
3. 1033 Program 
4. Routinization of Caricature – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10701530/
5. Redlining – https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/realestate/what-is-redlining.html
6. Automatic Expungement 
7. Prison Contracts – https://sites.tufts.edu/prisondivestment/prison-contracts/
8. Prison Gerrymandering 
9. Christian Temperance 
10. Purdue Pharma 

please watch TWO of these films only and write me a one page paper summarizing the critical reactions had to the films (what you thought and learned from it). Please write me two separate one page papers for each film. The films are in the file below.

Term Paper Assignment:
The paper will be a 6-8 page analysis of one of the topics covered in this class (i.e. deterrence,
hybrid war, etc.). The paper will require the student to undertake some additional outside
research to find and summarize the main arguments made by scholars in regard to the topic (you
will likely find other arguments that are ignored or only briefly referenced in the papers we read
for class) and will then ask the student to provide their own analysis of those arguments using
relevant case-studies of real world wars and crises to explain why the student believes some
theories do a better job of explaining the chosen phenomenon while other theories seem to fail in
explaining the reality that we observe.
For example, when it comes to Alliances, there are roughly 5-6 main theories as to why states
make alliances. We’ll may have covered three of those theories in class. If you choose to write
about alliances, you would want to write about each of these three theories, but will also want to
do some research on alliance formation through the library or Google Scholar or another source
of your choice to see what else has been said about the democratic peace theory.
Possible Topics:
Some suggested topics along with questions you might want to answer if you write about that
topic are listed below. You ARE NOT required to write about one of these topics. If there is a
puzzle that you have been curious about throughout the class, or some other topic that seems
really interesting to you, but that is not listed below, you are more than welcome to write about
that topic. The topics below are just some examples of topics in the study of conflict that I know
a lot has been written about so there is easily enough material out there to write a 6-8 page paper
without adding a lot of filler. For each suggested topic, I have also included some key words that
can be searched on in Google Scholar or the library website to help you find articles on the topic.
Some topics from our class:
Stability of the International System
– What are the primary theories that seek to explain stability and instability in the
international system?
– Which theories seem to do the best job?
– Where do these theories break down?
o Keywords: Polarity, Democratic Peace, Capitalist Peace, Long Cycles Theory,
Offense-Defense Balance, Trade and Conflict.
Deterrence Theory/Alliance Formation
– How does one go about establishing effective deterrence?
– Why is it hard to do so?
– What are the prominent deterrent signals used throughout history?
– How do alliances influence deterrence, what is their value, how do they enhance
deterrence
o Keywords: Deterrence, Signaling Theory, Cuban Missile Crisis, Alliance
reliability, costly signals
Stability-Instability and Conflict Beneath the Nuclear Threshold.
– Can/how can nuclear powers fight one another without triggering the apocalypse?
– What are the costs and benefits of a state pursuing its goals through hybrid or grey-
zone conflict?
– What is the logic of hybrid/grey zone conflict? Why do sates engage in it? Wil
they/when will they choose to engage in open warfare rather than sub-threshold types
of conflict?
o Keywords: Asymmetric conflict, grey-zone, cyber war, hybrid war, little
green men, information warfare, disinformation and war.
The Use of Economic Power in Grand Strategy
– How do states use economics to achieve national goals?
o How do they use trade to promote peace or to avoid being attacked?
o How do they use trade to promote their own national security?
– My have states significantly turned away from conquest and instead toward trying to
dominate markets?
o How does a state dominate a foreign market?
o What do they get out of it?
o Keywords: Manchester theory, trade and conflict, security network, security
communities, belt and road initiative, markets and battlefields.
Soft, Smart, Sharp and Institutional Power.
– What are Soft Power, Smart Power and Sharp Power? (Compare and contrast the
three types.)
o How do you get these kinds of power?
o How do you use these kinds of power?
o How do you undermine and enemy’s soft/smart/sharp power strategies?
– How do you USE these forms of power? (I.e. how do they help you get what you
want.)
– Why do institutions matter to grand strategy?
o How do you use them for power?
o
o Keywords: Soft Power, Smart Power, Sharp Power, Institutions and Control,
Instintutions and Grand Strategy, Soft power and cultural imperialism,
cultural diplomacy.
The Military
– Why do states build the militaries that they have?
o Why train people the way they do?
o Why buy the equipment that they do?
o Why use the military to achieve the goals they do?
– What are the cultural and regime-based impacts of military organization and force
structure?
– What are the economic determinants of military performance and force structure?
– How does a state’s military doctrine and procurement choices reflect its threat
environment?
o Keywords: Force structure, military power, national material capabilities,
Modern Military System, air-superiority doctrine, A2/AD, Anti-Access Area-
Denial.
I also suggest picking out a case-study or a couple of cases to evaluate.
– E.x.
o If you’re writing about geo-economics, a compare/contrast between U.S. and
Chinese geo-economic strategy would be a good illustration.
o If you are writing about deterrence, comparing the Cuban Missile Crisis and
July Crisis of 1918 (right before WWI) would be interesting

Briefly discuss your state’s laws regarding gun control and its impact on healthcare. My state is Georgia 

DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS
Use elements from the textbook to explain the existence of NATO. 
I want you to talk about the different elements you have learned thus far (themes, theories, keywords, concepts,….).  Show me your understanding of the existence of NATO after having read the first 8 chapters (remember that chapter 7 is about international cooperation so perhaps this is where you should be focusing your effort). While explaining the existence of NATO using our valued theoretical perspectives,  you should argue your own opinion about whether NATO should continue to exist. After all, the Cold War is over, NATO was created to counter the old Soviet military threat. Your main argument should answer the following question:
Should NATO be dismantled? Should it continue to exist without a clear threat to its member nations? Why or why not?
To Help You:
Keep in mind that there are many approaches to completing this assignment (many experts have argued that NATO should be disbanded as it continues to provide a threat to other non NATO countries, mainly Russia/ China).  Furthermore, some of you rightfully argued, in IR project #1, that Russia invaded Ukraine because Ukraine wanted to be a part of NATO, that said, does this mean that NATO’s existence increase tensions in East Europe/Asia? However, you can also argue that NATO is crucial for world peace and the spreading of global democratic ideology. Most of Europe (which comprises of the majority of NATO countries) is now united in its missions to spread peace and democracy.
This is not a hard assignment as you have enormous flexibility to express your points, there is no right or wrong answer, but I want you to be analytical in your answer, your argument and points have to make sense.  Use analytical reasoning to state your points, make your essay make sense. 1)Take a stance 2) argue it  3) back it up! 
SOURCES & FORMAT
For this assignment, you can only use the textbook and your knowledge of NATO. If you do not know a lot about NATO I have provided resources below (you do not have to use these resources). 
This is the official NATO websiteLinks to an external site.. It explains in great detail, its mission, its raison d’etre, its history and its structure. 
Succinct Explanation from the Council on Foreign Relations Links to an external site.on exactly “What is NATO?”
If you get tired of reading and you want to watch a quick video about its foundation and what it does, this Department of Defense webpage is where you goLinks to an external site.. 
The paper is to be 3 full double-spaced pages (4 max). Only the content section of the paper will count toward meeting the length requirement. A title page and work cited page is not counted as a page. Do not tweak the margins and use 12-point font written in the standard Times New Roman. I will accept either MLA or APA. 
A separate cover page (which does not count as a typewritten page) is to include the title of the paper, your name, name of class and class section. Additionally, a work cited page is required at the end.
TO RECAP:
1.  3 FULL PAGES (4 maximum, anything short of 3 pages will not be counted. Cover sheet and works cited page does not count into the 3 full page requirement).
2. Paper must be double-spaced and have standard margins. Any attempts to change the setting to meet the length requirements will not be accepted.
3. Times New Roman only.
4. APA or MLA is accepted.
5. A mandatory separate cover sheet (title page).
6. You obviously need to support your facts and claims, and if you decide to use the articles I provided, then put them down as sources. 
7. Make sure you include a work cited page.
8. Plagiarism will not be accepted – per COD policy. Quotations and sources are obviously fine. 
It is recommended that you submit your file as a PDF in order to keep the format the same as how you created it. Otherwise if you submit a word file, it risks changing your paper format (margins etc….). Your paper must be uploaded by April 14th!  I will leave the assignment open until April 17th but keep in mind that the paper will be subjected to a 50% grade penalty if it is submitted after April 14th. You may also submit the paper earlier anytime.
GRADING RUBRIC
1.      Thesis statement with solid introduction (5 points).
2.      Organization of thought so that the paper flows logically (5 points).
3.      Grammar, spelling, length, usage of the class textbook to illustrate your arguments and overall meeting requirements of the paper (30 points).