Category: Political Science

How has the European Union presented successful cases of collaboration in areas of trade, environment, and law enforcement policies? 

Write the Final Paper (140 pointwith
With the benefit of your prior work and my feedback, write the final paper. It would be a good idea to review the resources and documents on how to write in political science. Also, before you turn it in keep in mind. 
You need to review the rubric in the Research Paper module to make sure your paper meets the standards. 
Once again, you must use Chicago Author-Date Style (17th edition) to format your reference page and in-text citations.
Be sure you use at least six sources in your paper and include all of them in your reference list. Only include references for sources that appear in the paper; ‘s in0-text citations. Do Not include any annotations for the sources in your final reference list. 
Attachments are the references for this essay and the third is just how to write it. 

In class, we have discussed both democratic and non-democratic regimes. For your term paper, you are to answer the following question:
Why do some states become democratic while others do not?
For full credit, discuss different theories of democratization. Which theory/theories are correct and which are not? Give historical examples to back up your claims. 
Assignment requirements
Your essay should be 4-6 pages in length double spaced (not including work cited).
You must use at least 3 credible outside sources to prove your points.
Include a work cited page.
Format
Use a standard font and margin spacing (Times New Roman, Calibri).
Your header should be single spaced, include your full name, and class.
Include a title.
Be sure to cite when you quote or paraphrase.
Your paper should be written in a clear and concise manner. If your grammar or phrasing distracts from your work you will be marked down.
You may use internal citations, footnotes, or endnotes.
Please use a professional style of citation

Instruction:
Paper should be 5 pages, double spaced, MLA citation, 12 point font with page numbers. This is an essay assignment, requiring an opening with a topic/thesis statement, introduction and conclusion as well as full referencing where required. Paper must be written in a professional manner, with an expectation that they have been thoroughly proofread to ensure appropriate style including correct spelling, grammar, and sentence structure. NO outside sources or references. You are NOT allowed to use generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, GPT-3, DALL-E and other similar AI tools to complete this assignment (it will detect on Turnitn if you use it and will be treated as a big problem. Don’t do it!
You MUST review Political Blind Date: “The Real History of Canada”, and the CBC news article on the removal of Sir John A. MacDonald statue in Kingston. Use these material and/or the text (ch.1-8) to substantiate your position 
Provide an outline of the issue, reflecting on the title “The Real History of Canada”, the “players” background and beliefs, and the political role they have adopted (delegate, trustee, party member etc). Also, take a position on the issue: Is removing the statues simply in service of political correctness or is it an acknowledgement of colonialism that is necessary for reconciliation? Is this a municipal, provincial and/or federal matter? 
Materials:
Political Blind Date:  “The Real History of Canada” – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJJGKLdjvvY
CBC news article on the removal of Sir John A. MacDonald statue in Kingston – https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/sir-john-a-macdonald-kingston-park-1.6070709
Rubic: 
Understanding Development of key ideas
Demonstrates understanding of the issue and the relationship of the issue with the “players” involved
Ability to effectively summarize and articulate key points meaningfully
Reflection, Application, Organization, Evidence
Quality reflection and analysis with direct consideration of questions in the assignment supported with quality examples
Overall response organization including topic sentence, intro and conclusion
Effective use of materials I provided that demonstrate knowledge and application of content
Mechanics Scholarly Writing
Proofread, professional presentation and quality writing (error free in spelling, grammar)
Appropriate use and format for referencing 

Term Paper Assignment:
The paper will be a 6-8 page analysis of one of the topics covered in this class (i.e. deterrence,
hybrid war, etc.). 
The paper will require the student to undertake some additional outside
research to find and summarize the main arguments made by scholars in regard to the topic (you
will likely find other arguments that are ignored or only briefly referenced in the papers we read
for class) and will then ask the student to provide their own analysis of those arguments using
relevant case-studies of real world wars and crises to explain why the student believes some
theories do a better job of explaining the chosen phenomenon while other theories seem to fail in
explaining the reality that we observe. 
For example, when it comes to Alliances, there are roughly 5-6 main theories as to why states
make alliances. We’ll may have covered three of those theories in class. If you choose to write
about alliances, you would want to write about each of these three theories, but will also want to
do some research on alliance formation through the library or Google Scholar or another source
of your choice to see what else has been said about the democratic peace theory. 
Possible Topics:
Some suggested topics along with questions you might want to answer if you write about that
topic are listed below. You ARE NOT required to write about one of these topics. If there is a
puzzle that you have been curious about throughout the class, or some other topic that seems
really interesting to you, but that is not listed below, you are more than welcome to write about
that topic. The topics below are just some examples of topics in the study of conflict that I know
a lot has been written about so there is easily enough material out there to write a 6-8 page paper
without adding a lot of filler. For each suggested topic, I have also included some key words that
can be searched on in Google Scholar or the library website to help you find articles on the topic. 
Some topics from our class: 
Stability of the International System
– What are the primary theories that seek to explain stability and instability in the
international system?
– Which theories seem to do the best job?
– Where do these theories break down?
o Keywords: Polarity, Democratic Peace, Capitalist Peace, Long Cycles Theory,
Offense-Defense Balance, Trade and Conflict. 
Deterrence Theory/Alliance Formation
– How does one go about establishing effective deterrence?
– Why is it hard to do so?
– What are the prominent deterrent signals used throughout history?
– How do alliances influence deterrence, what is their value, how do they enhance
deterrence
o Keywords: Deterrence, Signaling Theory, Cuban Missile Crisis, Alliance
reliability, costly signals 
Stability-Instability and Conflict Beneath the Nuclear Threshold.
– Can/how can nuclear powers fight one another without triggering the apocalypse?
– What are the costs and benefits of a state pursuing its goals through hybrid or grey-
zone conflict?
– What is the logic of hybrid/grey zone conflict? Why do sates engage in it? Wil
they/when will they choose to engage in open warfare rather than sub-threshold types
of conflict?
o Keywords: Asymmetric conflict, grey-zone, cyber war, hybrid war, little
green men, information warfare, disinformation and war. 
The Use of Economic Power in Grand Strategy
– How do states use economics to achieve national goals?
o How do they use trade to promote peace or to avoid being attacked?
o How do they use trade to promote their own national security?
– My have states significantly turned away from conquest and instead toward trying to
dominate markets?
o How does a state dominate a foreign market?
o What do they get out of it?
o Keywords: Manchester theory, trade and conflict, security network, security
communities, belt and road initiative, markets and battlefields. 
Soft, Smart, Sharp and Institutional Power.
– What are Soft Power, Smart Power and Sharp Power? (Compare and contrast the
three types.)
o How do you get these kinds of power?
o How do you use these kinds of power?
o How do you undermine and enemy’s soft/smart/sharp power strategies?
– How do you USE these forms of power? (I.e. how do they help you get what you
want.)
– Why do institutions matter to grand strategy?
o How do you use them for power?
o
o Keywords: Soft Power, Smart Power, Sharp Power, Institutions and Control,
Instintutions and Grand Strategy, Soft power and cultural imperialism,
cultural diplomacy. 
The Military
– Why do states build the militaries that they have?
o Why train people the way they do?
o Why buy the equipment that they do?
o Why use the military to achieve the goals they do?
– What are the cultural and regime-based impacts of military organization and force
structure?
– What are the economic determinants of military performance and force structure?
– How does a state’s military doctrine and procurement choices reflect its threat
environment?
o Keywords: Force structure, military power, national material capabilities,
Modern Military System, air-superiority doctrine, A2/AD, Anti-Access Area-
Denial. 
I also suggest picking out a case-study or a couple of cases to evaluate.
– E.x.
o If you’re writing about geo-economics, a compare/contrast between U.S. and
Chinese geo-economic strategy would be a good illustration.
o If you are writing about deterrence, comparing the Cuban Missile Crisis and
July Crisis of 1918 (right before WWI) would be interesting

Imagine a scenario where Earth has been attacked by an alien civilization.  The first attack destroyed an entire US city, shocking the American public and drawing the entire world into a war, with the United States leading the fight to protect our planet.  
In this scenario, consider the various roles of the American President.  Explain how the President might respond in each of these roles.  What powers or resources would they possess?  What constitutional limits or constraints would they face? 
Remember to Include:
☐ A focus on several of the roles we explored in the lecture
(Head of State, Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Chief Diplomat, Party Chief, or Chief Legislator)
☐ At least one quote from our textbook.
☐ Real examples from US history or modern politics.
☐ A well-formatted Works Cited page.
Background Details:
Although your essay will be a product of imagination, it will require you to describe the actions that a real-world President would take in the aftermath of this catastrophic event.  Remember to base your analysis on the actual powers and constitutional limits of the American President.
Be sure to answer the prompt fully, use examples, and write at least 850 words.  You may draw upon materials covered in class, including the course textbook, as well as outside articles and resources that you find. Please be sure to quote and cite properly. This assignment will be submitted as a .doc, .docx, or a .pdf file. When you are ready to submit your assignment, click on the submit button and upload your assignment file. 
Formatting Guidance:
Font:  Times New Roman (size 12) or Calibri (size 11)
Page Margins: No greater than 1 inch. 
Spacing:  Double Spaced
Style:  Chicago or MLA preferred.
Grading Rubric:
• Content is comprehensive, accurate, and persuasive.
• Major points are stated clearly and are well supported.
• Examples are excellent and address course concepts.
• Content and purpose of the writing are clear.
• Assignment is the appropriate length
this is the textbook website: https://openstax.org/details/books/american-government-3e

This assignment is based on your reading of “Biden’s Dilemma at the Border.” You will choose one political theme from the list below that you find interesting and compelling. You will then do research on this theme, developing an argument and providing evidence for that argument. 
List of themes (students choose one):
Use of brokers, or coyotes, to cross the border; 
Increasing diversity of migrants at the US-Mexico border;
Role of humanitarian organizations in aid/assistance/settlement of migrants;
Role of (gang, cartel) violence in Mexico and/or Central America as a push factor for migration;
Role of poverty and/or climate change as a push factor in Central American migration;
Use of immigration as a wedge-issue in U.S. politics; 
Tension between U.S. sub-national states and federal government migration policy; 
Policy paper on reform of U.S. asylum system. 
Recommended Journals (selected list):
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies;
Journal on Migration and Human Security;
International Migration Review;
Population and Development Review;
Latin American Research Review;
IZA Journal of Development and Migration;
IZA Journal of Migration;
Comparative Migration Studies;
Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos
(Journals must be peer-reviewed to count as scholarly sources). Tip: to see if a journal is peer-reviewed, do a Journal Title Search at our Library web site. https://allegheny.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/jsearch?vid=01ACO_INST:Services&lang=EN 
Each essay should include the following: 
A theme that is attached to an argument. For example, if your theme concerns migrants’ use of brokers, or coyotes, in crossing the border, you need to make an argument around that theme. For example: While historically coyotes were often connected to migrants through community networks and personal relationships, in recent years the profile of coyotes has shifted; many migrants no longer have personal or community connections to coyotes, which diminishes coyote loyalty to migrants, making the journey more dangerous. 
the theme/argument must be backed up with evidence from outside sources.
The theme/argument should connect back to “Biden’s Dilemma at the Border.” The connection need not be elaborate, but you need to make a connection. 
Note: You may want to spend some time summarizing the article “Biden’s Dilemma at the Border” in light of your theme. However, be brief with the summary description. I am more interested in the analysis of your theme and how that theme/argument is important to events/ideas developed in the article. 
Five outside scholarly sources should be used to analyze and develop the theme you have chosen. Class texts do not count as outside sources, but students should feel free to use class texts and to cite them appropriately. If you have doubts about what I mean about “scholarly sources,” please ask me! I will evaluate your efforts on the clarity of your presentation (writing), the strength and logic of your argument, and the breadth and quality of sources used. Each essay should be about 1500 words, double-spaced, typewritten, and proofread. 

You will choose and answer 4 of the short answer questions below under Exam Questions.
You must include evidence from our texts via in-text citations in your short answers. Do this by paraphrasing and providing a cite.
NO quotes. You may paraphrase and then cite, but NO quotes. Your voice is always best! I want to know what you have learned this term.
NO outside sources or AI may be used. I don’t have time to check the validity of outside sources. Just use our awesome text.
Do not include opinion (no “I” statements).
The exam must be a minimum of 1000 words long and a maximum of 1500 words. So about 250-300 words per short answer.
Please be sure to utilize the text in your answers and no quotes!!!!
You may use the lectures for information, but you must show use of the text. Do not copy and paste from anything.
There is an in-class portion of the exam
No make ups, no extenstions
Please see the rubric below. It explains the criteria I will use for grading your exam.
1. Explain the traditional and modern theories of the presidency and why the office evolved from traditional to modern. AND Explain the double expectations gap and how it impacts presidents in their job.
2.Explain the two jobs of legislators: legislating and representing and then explain the conflict and tension between legislating and representation? Which one tends to win and why?
3.Explain how presidential primaries work, explain how the electoral college works, and explain 2 concerns about the electoral college.
4.Explain the demographics of who votes, discuss 2 major reasons why people don’t vote, and discuss 4 possible solutions for increasing turnout.

Assignment instructions are on one document below. please use evidence found on the evidence document. Use Chicago style

I need help writing the analysis and conclusion on a research paper (intro, lit review, theory and methods sections have already been written but can be slightly altered if needed). I needhelp running the quantitative models, write their analysis and write a conclusion. 
The full paper should be between 8000-10 000 words, including references. I am currently at 4600 words.
Please read the methods section to find what type of models I want put in the paper + what variables should be used. There is one comment from my teacher put in the footnotes for the methods section as it relates directly to how the models will be run that is of interest for theperson doing and writing the analysis. 
I will put the links to the datasets in the word document so you can chose the format that you prefer.