Category: Law

Please see below:
Question
Examine how issues with schooling, such as absenteeism, academic 
failure, and limited access to high-quality education, might fuel 
runaway behavior and juvenile crime. How does a young person’s 
disengagement from school affect their chances of committing crimes or 
running away?
This a 4,000-word essay.
Attached in files is a sample paper.

In the UK. To what extent does animal testing justify treating animals as property? Explain your answer with references to both law academic literature. 

Instructions:
Identification of Theories: List and briefly define the seven theories of supervisory liability.
Detailed Explanation: Provide a comprehensive explanation of each theory, including the legal principles and key elements involved.
Real-Life Examples: Identify a real-life case for each theory. Ensure these examples are not from the textbook. Provide a brief summary of each case, including the court’s decision and its relevance to the specific theory of supervisory liability.
Format Requirements:
Length: 1.5 to 2 pages
Font: Times New Roman, 12-point
Spacing: Double-spaced
Citation: Use APA format for citing cases and other sources.

APA 7th format. You are representing the defendant in the following case, answer the following issue evaluation questions: 
Based upon this evaluation, what went wrong? (Where did the problem happen? How could the situation have been avoided? Be specific as to the steps the defendants could have taken to avoid the issues.)
If you are a manager tasked to tackle this issue, what would you recommend? (What recommendations would you make to ensure this situation does not happen in the future? Be specific and state the actual corporate policies you would implement to avoid any problems of this nature occurring at your company. State with specificity how you would implement those corporate policies.)
Case: 
Wellness Medical Services employs 35 mental health counselors who work remotely at home offering their mental health services to clients throughout the greater Tampa Bay region. They meet with clients through a secure application that allows for both voice and video chat. Due to their small to medium business size they decided it would be more practical to look for a third-party note-taking solution.
HumanSoft is a tech Startup company from California who employs 20 AI engineers who have created a program called “SpeakPad”, which utilizes a large data AI model to record speech and translate it into text. The program allows for multiple languages and organizes notes based on case files. Mental health providers are able to use shorthand notes and speak them into the AI program.
The CEO of Wellness Medical has decided to employ a “High Security” business account due to a lack of direct IT support from within Wellness Medical. This allowed Wellness Medical employees free usage of the AI model service. WMS was led to believe that SpeakPad was safe for them to use, as their website described the program as “completely secure solution”, and their terms of service only mentioned the recording of speech would be used for the program itself, or for playback by the user or a WMS administrator to review certain cases or notes on cases. There was also an agreement that mental health counselors would be able to share file details with other WMS counselors in the case that a patient was seeking a different counselor.
Three months after WMS began using SpeakPad, HS began expanding its AI’s training data with user recordings. While WMS’s data had several extra security precautions taken in its storage due to their purchase of the security plan, a significant amount of these recordings were added to the training data for SpeakPad. The data contained patient information including names and details that were not excluded from the training information. This would lead to WMS being faced with lawsuits and fines due to HIPPA violations.
HumanSoft claims that within the terms of service agreement between HumanSoft and Wellness Medical Services that Wellness Medical was informed that notes may be used to train AI in the future and Wellness Medical should have taken this into account when using real patient’s names in the notes and potential training data.
Wellness Medical Services claims that HumanSoft expanding its training into known case files is a violation of HIPPA and should never have been done. There was also no forewarning about this expansion which could have allowed counselors at WMS to change names or take precautions to prevent the violations.

The question is: In the last five years British police have arrested several thousand people for things they posted on social media. Is the UK becoming a police state?
Research and statistics are required. It needs a clear introduction and conclusion. It requires references and all references should be added in as the footnote. 

Punishment has taken on many forms within the criminal justice system over the course of the last 300 years. Recently, there have been discussions centered around solitary confinement (isolation) as a form of inhumane punishment due to its impact on socialization.
For this essay, you will discuss the impact of prisons on society and the history of incarceration in the United States.
Discuss how punishment has evolved and the historic rise in life sentences in the United States.
Identify and explain one purpose of corrections.
Explain one of the alternatives in incarceration.
Identify how correctional facilities are organized.
You must include an introduction. Your essay must be at least three pages in length.
You should include at least three sources from within the last 5 years to support your essay, one of which should be from the CSU Online Library. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment.

2. POLITICAL AND LEGAL TRANSFORMATION
The Dickson case (2024) shows a change in the way courts deal with s. 25 of the Charter. Whereas in Kapp (2008), the majority abstained from addressing s. 25 (although Justice Bastarache made a dissenting opinion), in Dickson the court explicitly used s. 25 to protect indigenous difference and promote reconciliation.
Drawing on Dickson (2024), Kapp (2008), and the article by Amy Swiffen (2022) (all available in Ares), write a 2000-word essay on how the use of s. 25 has changed in the courts. Be precise. Ensure you have a clearly argued thesis, supporting points, evidence, thorough citations, and that you edit for clarity and errors.

Please find attached the dissertation proposal form with relevant details, for reference. 
You must use referencing style – OSCOLA.

See attached document for instructions. I also linked my research plan. 
Specifications:
Times New Roman size 12
McGill bibliography

This what
their post it about
·        
Begin the discussion by explaining the strengths, differences,
and limitations of both qualitative and quantitative proposal and evaluation
approaches.
·        
Create an argument for which types of data and conclusions based
on that information among the mixed methods approach best serves a research
proposal for examining a criminal justice program.
·        
Support your opinions with research from the text and through independent
research.
Guided Response: Review several posts in this discussion forum
and respond to at least two of your peers. Decide why you agree with them and
explain. Utilize the research skills you have acquired thus far and support
your position with credible, scholarly sources utilizing APA sourcing. It doesn’t
have to be a long respond.  
Peer 1.
When we say that qualitative
and quantitative data are mixed, it could suggest that they are genuinely
blended on one end of the continuum, maintained separately on the other, or
mingled in some way in the middle (Creswell & Creswell, 2017).
Begin the discussion by explaining the strengths,
differences, and limitations of both qualitative and quantitative proposal and
evaluation approaches.
There are benefits, drawbacks, and nuances to
both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Understanding things from a close, detailed
perspective is the goal of qualitative research, which is frequently
inquisitive. It excels at giving in-depth knowledge on a specific situation,
problem, or case by way of extensive, rich information. Nevertheless, there are
several drawbacks to consider, such as the fact that data collecting and
analysis can be time-consuming, there is a chance of researcher bias, and it is
difficult to generalize results to bigger populations.
Conversely, quantitative research is usually
employed to verify theories and derive findings that can be applied to broader
groups of people. It excels at producing statistically valid numerical data,
which is necessary for making fair comparisons and measurements. The danger of
oversimplification and a lack of finesse in comprehending complicated
situations are two of its shortcomings.
Just to clarify:
Researchers frequently employ qualitative
methods when they wish to delve deeply into a topic, get insight into many
viewpoints, and discover prevailing trends in thought and opinion. The capacity
to provide data context and depth is one of its strongest points. It can be
useful for getting a deep and comprehensive grasp of difficult topics. Findings
may be open to interpretation and methods may be less structured than in
quantitative research due to the subjective character of qualitative research.
In contrast, quantitative research is employed
when the researcher aims to put a numerical value on an issue and collect
numerical data that can be turned into useful statistics. The frequency of
different points of view in a selected sample can be determined using this
method. Statistically analyzing data is a strength of quantitative research,
and it also provides a broader perspective than qualitative research.
Nevertheless, it frequently neglects to delve into the background or rationale
behind specific patterns or trends, which can lead to a lack of depth.
Qualitative research relies more on subjective
interpretation and less on objective deductive reasoning than quantitative
research. While larger, randomly selected populations are used in quantitative
research, smaller, non-randomly selected groups are typically used in
qualitative research. Quantitative research relies on numerical and statistical
data, whereas qualitative research relies on words, images, or physical things.
Create an argument for which types of
data and conclusions based on that information among the mixed methods approach
best serves a research proposal for examining a criminal justice program.
A research proposal that aims to examine a
criminal justice program would benefit most from a mixed methods approach,
which incorporates both quantitative and qualitative data. As a third research
paradigm, mixed-methods studies can unite quantitative and qualitative
approaches (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). By capturing both numerical
trends and nuanced perspectives, this approach provides a more thorough
assessment of the program’s effectiveness.
Just to clarify:
Obtaining quantitative data is essential for
drawing general conclusions about the program’s performance. Statistical proof
of KPIs like response times, recidivism rates, and crime rates can be provided.
The ability to compare results over time or between programs, as well as to
spot trends or patterns, makes this data very useful, but it can miss some of
the intricacies of the program and the people’s experiences therein.
However, qualitative information can provide
light on the program’s inner workings and results to a greater extent. Police
officers, program participants, and community members are just a few of the
individuals whose viewpoints might be illuminated by qualitative data gathered
through techniques including focus groups, case studies, and interviews. The
‘why’ behind quantitative trends can be better understood with this kind of
data, and it can also reveal improvement opportunities that were not apparent
from the statistics alone.
Finally, a criminal justice program can be
better understood with a mixed methods approach. This technique can provide
valuable insights for program evaluation and policy-making by combining
quantitative and qualitative data.
Create an argument for which types of
data and conclusions based on that information among the mixed methods approach
best serves a research proposal for examining a criminal justice program.
Research proposals that aim to analyze
criminal justice programs are better served by mixed-methods approaches, which
integrate qualitative and quantitative data. Because it can record both
quantitative trends and nuanced viewpoints, this method provides a fuller
picture of the program’s efficacy.
Let me explain:
To give a general picture of the program’s
success, quantitative data is essential. Key performance measures including
crime rates, recidivism rates, and reaction times can be provided with
statistical evidence. If you want to see trends or patterns or compare programs
across time, this is the data for you. On the other hand, it might leave out
important details about the program and the participants’ experiences.
The program’s functioning and impacts can be
better understood with qualitative data. The viewpoints of different
stakeholders, such as community residents, program participants, and law
enforcement officials, might be uncovered using qualitative data collection
approaches like focus groups, case studies, or interviews. The ‘why’ behind
quantitative trends can be better understood with this kind of data, and it can
also reveal improvement opportunities that weren’t necessarily apparent from the
numbers.
Ultimately, a criminal justice program can be
better understood through a mixed methods approach, which offers a more
sophisticated and comprehensive view. Program assessment and policy-making can
both benefit from this approach’s ability to combine quantitative and
qualitative data.
References
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell,
J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. SAGE Publications. Retrieved from: www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Creswell-Cap-10.pdfLinks to an external site.
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie,
A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has
come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3700093?origin=JSTOR-pdfLinks to an external site.
Peer 2.
Qualitative
and quantitative analyses are essential components of research, each offering
unique strengths, differences, and limitations in proposal and evaluation
approaches. Qualitative research methods, such as interviews, observations, and
focus groups, are valuable for exploring complex phenomena, capturing rich,
detailed data, and gaining insights into individuals’ experiences and
perspectives (Creswell & Poth, 2018). Qualitative approaches allow
researchers to delve deep into understanding the why and how behind behaviors
and phenomena, uncovering nuances and complexities that may be missed with
quantitative methods. However, qualitative research is often criticized for its
subjectivity, potential for researcher bias, and limited generalizability due
to small sample sizes (Maxwell, 2013).
On the other
hand, quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical
data through surveys, experiments, and statistical analyses, providing
measurable and standardized information for comparison and generalization
(Babbie, 2016). Quantitative methods are known for their objectivity,
reliability, and ability to produce statistical evidence to support
conclusions. They are particularly useful in establishing relationships between
variables, identifying trends, and making predictions. However, quantitative
research may lack the depth and context provided by qualitative methods,
potentially oversimplifying complex phenomena and human experiences (Bryman,
2012).
For examining a
criminal justice program, a mixed methods approach that combines qualitative
and quantitative data is ideal for providing a comprehensive evaluation.
Qualitative data can offer insights into the experiences of program participants,
stakeholders’ perspectives, and the social dynamics within the criminal justice
system (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). Additionally, qualitative methods can
capture the nuances and complexities of the program’s implementation and
impact, shedding light on factors that quantitative data alone may not reveal.
On the other hand, quantitative data can provide numerical indicators of
program effectiveness, such as crime rates, recidivism statistics, or cost
analysis. By using a mixed methods approach, researchers can triangulate data
sources, validate findings, and offer a more holistic understanding of the
criminal justice program’s outcomes and processes.
Research by
Tashakkori and Teddlie (2010) supports the use of mixed methods in program
evaluation, highlighting the synergistic benefits of combining qualitative and
quantitative data. By integrating both types of data, researchers can gain a
more comprehensive understanding of the program’s impact, effectiveness, and
underlying mechanisms. This integrated approach allows for a more nuanced
evaluation that considers both the quantitative outcomes and qualitative
insights, leading to more informed conclusions and recommendations for
improving the criminal justice program.
References
Babbie, E.
(2016). The practice of social research. Cengage Learning .
Bachman, R.,
& Schutt, R. K. (2017). The practice of research in criminology and
criminal justice. SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W.,
& Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing
among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
Maxwell, J. A.
(2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. SAGE
Publications.
McDavid, J. C.,
Huse, I., & Hawthorn, L. R. L. (2019). Program evaluation and performance
measurement: An introduction to practice (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Tashakkori, A.,
& Teddlie, C. (2010). SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social &
behavioral research. SAGE Publications.