Category: Law

Instructions
For
the FIRST
short answer, explain how Congress has the authority to delegate the authority
to make laws even though the builders of America structured three separate
branches of government.
For
the SECOND
short answer, explain why the concept of separation of powers is important to
administrative law.
Make sure each short answer is:
·        
400 words EACH
in length.
·        
Demonstrates
course-related knowledge
·        
Double-spaced, Times
New Roman, 12-point font.
·        
Follows the
Bluebook in-text citation method.
·        
Cites the course
textbook where appropriate.

The asignment despcription is:  This is when your progressive assignments will come into play in finishing your research final paper (NOT A ROUGH DRAFT, It is your research design paper): You will be assembling the answers (including the revised feedbacks and comments I suggested to be incorporated into your answers) from Hw2: question 1 involving the research question goes at the beginning of literature review, questions 2 and 3 into the theory and hypothesis section, questions 4-10 goes into the Analysis section, and question 11 goes into either the beginning of literature review before research question and/or conclusion.  From hw 3 involving the literature review will go in the literature review section while references go at the end of the design under references page(s).  As of course, you be making revisions and changes, and expansions or additions in accordance to my feedbacks and suggestions from those previous submissions.   
For Final Research Design Paper, make sure all pages have headers such as either your last name or title name and page number.  Do not forget to write course section and number…
Make sure the overall format is 1-inch margin all around and 12-point font in Times New Roman Style.  In addition, remember this is a formal Paper, so avoid I, My, Mine, etc wordings, … in the first half of the paper (literature review, and theory/hypothesis sections).  Instead, write in  third person format such as They, He, she..this paper proposes, and so on…also in the literature review, cite and cite-especially when mention they/he/she/study/researchers/writers/etc.. cite in parenthesis.. all authors!… and anytime mentioning quotes-do not forget the page number(s)
Avoid using abbreviated terminology such as can’t or don’t, instead spell or write them out like do not or cannot; again, this is a formal paper.  
Again, I am repeating this-Make sure to cite sources often in the literature review, do not just put he or she, they, the study or research found/wrote without citations because you are dealing with multiple sources within sentences body/paragraphs…. (always cite within the sentence body or cite at the end of sentence with authors’ last names..year of publication, {and page number if quoting})…
If citing an author(s) for the first time in sentence body, cite full names and ALL OF THEM if dealing with multiple authors along with year of publication..afterwards/subsequently cite last names of all authors and year of publication…
USE quotes sparingly (LITTLE AS POSSIBLE, like less than 3 quotes per page, and do not make them long).. rather I prefer you to  paraphrase in your own words what the author(s) conveying and cite them in parenthetical citations or in body sentence.. remember it is best to cite often within a Literature review section even if repeatedly mentioning them!  
See Sample paper attached below to use as a visual blueprint guide on how to construct/complete final paper from beginning to end including format style (apa/apsa).. and there is an additional source to offer further info if needed.. but the sample paper will be your best guide for this final paper submission (*keep in mind that the length of the literature review section in the sample paper is a bit short, but make sure your final paper’s literature review section is 5 pages or over in length) 
Copy/paste answers and modify/extend etc according to my suggested comments and feedback’s from your graded hw 2 and 3.. For example, from hw 2, questions 1 and 11 will go at beginning of literature review section.  From hw 2, questions 2 and 3 are theory and hypothesis that goes into the theory/hypothesis section of final paper (assignment 4). From hw 2, questions 4-10 will go into the analysis section of hw 4 (final paper while also including a second hypothesis of the control maybe, mention what kind of statistical regression would like to run, although you will not be running any experiments/will not be any interpretation of data, follow the analysis section from the official sample paper…).  From hw 3, the literature review goes in the literature review section as have to modify in essay style if haven’t done so and the references go at the end under references page in final paper (hw 4).  
The Conclusion section will be a short summary of expectations , disappointments, what you learned, or hoped will happen in the future etc.. 
FINAL PAPER’S Chronological ORDERING: cover title page, literature Review subheading/section (5 pages min length REQUIRED for this section and must use scholarly sources), Theory/Hypothesis subheading/section (.5-1 page), analysis subheading/section (.5-1 page), Conclusion subheading/section (.5-1 page), and References page (8 min. scholarly sources put in alphabetical ordering and in APA/APSA format).  Overall total length of final paper could range from 7 or more pages 
I have attatched examples, as well as sources that I have already gathered that must be used. 

The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story
What was most responsible?
OJ Simpson was found not guilty by a jury of his peers for the murder of Nicole Brown and Ron Goldman. There are a lot of people who disagreed with the verdict reached, but the jury made the decision it did. There are 3 parts to this culminating assignment.
A. Outline
You will be responsible for putting together an outline as if you are writing at least a five- paragraph essay, with a strong thesis analyzing, what was most responsible for the acquittal of OJ Simpson? You need to choose any three very specific aspects of the case. Why were those the most compelling reasons that he was found not guilty? Consider the actions of the defense, the prosecution, the judge, the jury and the media in your reasoning.
Feel free to research outside of the series. You should have an outline complete in Times New Roman, double-spaced, 12 font and your outline should include the following:
1. provide a quick summary of the case and write a thesis statement about what was most responsible.
2. 1st body paragraph- analyze one aspect of his case (with pieces of evidence)
3. 2nd body paragraph- analyze another important aspect of his case (with pieces of
specific 4.
evidence)
3rd body paragraph- analyze another aspect of his case (with pieces of evidence)
5. Conclusion- Your conclusion should address the idea of innocence, guilt, trials, by jury, inequities in the justice system, etc, on a scale grander than just the OJ trial and discuss if you think he is guilty or not and why, using formal writing ( meaning no 1st/ 2nd person- no I, you, us, we, our)
I. Introduction
A. Background
B. Thesis (you must have a thesis)
Il. Topic sentence for body paragraph 1
A. Sub point/supporting detail
1. Example/ Evidence from case
2. Example/Evidence from case
B. Sub point/supporting detail
1. Example/Evidence from case
2. Example/Evidence from case
C. Sub point/supporting detail
1. Example/Evidence from case
2. Example/Evidence from case
*you might have less than 3 examples-depends on your subtopic
III. Topic sentence for body paragraph 2
Same as above
IV. Topic sentence for body paragraph 3
Same as above
V. Conclusion
A. Write an actual concluding paragraph which addresses the questions on the assignment sheet.
Notes: 
evidence contributing to guilt: 
-Didn’t ask how she died 
-murder between 10-11pm, flight was at 11:45pm
-prior conviction for assault (beating up Nicole) and never did community service
-eight 9-1-1 calls
-history of violence and battery  (smashed windshield)
-unable to provide an exact timeframe
-keeps changing story about hand injury
-very angry 
-failed polygraph test
-glove by air conditioner
-blood on Bronco 
-drops of blood leading into house
-2 gloves 
-trail of blood
-OJ’s finger is bandaged up
-failed polygraph test 
-DNA shows blood is Simpson’s type
-glove is a mix of Simpson and Nicole
-wants to kill himself (seems serious; writes will, letters to family)
-never turned himself in, Bronco gone
-suicide note signed with happy face
-mentally unstable (in backseat of Bronco with gun to his head then driver flees from police)
-says he “deserves to get hurt” when talking to police in back of Bronco
-Nicole and Goldman’s blood found in Bronco
-trial of OJ’s blood into bedroom
-he ran 
-suicide letter sounds like an admission of guilt
-overwhelming physical evidence
-9-1-1 tapes  from Nicole Brown released by media
-OJ was going to fly to the Bahamas from Mexico day of slow police chase (had passport with him) 
-serial abuser, 62 past examples
-solid timeline (small window)
-blood in car, driveway, socks
-jealous of Nicole’s new lover
-blood trail, blood on glove matches defendant
-all 3 people’s blood in Bronco 
-Mark Fuhrman: blood smudge, possible partial fingerprint = someone fled the scene bleeding, Bronco had blood on it, package with shipping label inside Bronco said it was Simpson’s car 
-Mr. Kalen head thumping noise
not guilty: 
-genuinely shocked at detective’s phone call
-Said he will get on next flight home
-Crying in hotel room 
-character witnesses say he’s the nicest guy, hard to imagine him doing this, charming
-happy and willing to cooperate with police
-tells lawyer he didn’t do it and that he loved her. 
-says polygraph test was obviously incorrect as he is emotional with Nicole dying and then them bringing up her name
-seems mentally unstable when he had the gun
-just an innocent black man fleeing the racist LAPD
-very emotional when talking to Cochrane, says Nicole was the “center of his world”
-compromised, contaminated, corrupt evidence by LAPD 
-OJ shoes were taken home by detective overnight – could be contaminated
-Fuhrman pleads the 5th to all questions including whether or not he planted evidence or falsified police reports
Witness testimony:
-loud banging on air conditioner (renter)
-Jill Shivley – says white vehicle ran red light, driving erratically, says it was OJ, did an interview for $, may not have credibility with jury
-Airport driver says buzzed gate at 10:40pm and no response, just before 11pm  man goes into house, Bronco was not there when driver arrived
-neighbours hear dogs barking at 10:15pm
-friends (Kris Jenner and friend) said Nicole was terrified of him, said OJ had a temper, talked about photos of abuse to Nicole’s face
-OJ’s renter (Mr. Kalen) refuses to answer questions
-AC (driver of Bronco)?
-Ron Goldman’s dad – read autopsy report 
-Faye Resnick (Nicole’s friend- book deal) ?
-Salinger’s maid saw Bronco parked outside (OJ’s neighbour)
-Mark Fuhrman- untrustworthy because he has used the word “nigger”
-Mary Ann Gerches
-Rosa Lopez – housekeeper of Simpson’s neighbour, unreliable – lied about plane ticket, changed testimony of when she saw the Bronco
-Alan Austin
expert witnesses: 
-detectives
-criminalist to determine blood on Bronco
-polygraph examiner
-Barry Sheck – DNA expert- wants to show there were errors in collection of DNA, contamination 
-Criminalist- analyze hair samples
motive: 
-ex-wife with younger man
-past issues of abuse – this was just next logical move
other contributing facts:
-race issue with LAPD – Simpson arrested without cause 
-LAPD “war with African Americans”
-difficult to find an unbiased jury with all the media coverage
-TIME magazine  makes OJ “blacker”
-Detective Mark Ferman admitted racist- set up OJ? 
-Conspiracy theory – LAPD history of racism 
-impossible for a black man to have a fair experience with LAPD
-Shapiro not liked by Cochrane – Prosecution could pit them against each other
-Cochrane directly affected by racist cop when pulled over
-Cochrane has history of domestic abuse, tried to bribe first wife with property to keep her mouth shut
-tone of trial – Marcia’s haircut and outfits getting more publicity than actual trial

In your own words, define plea bargaining. Then list and describe three common forms of plea bargains/agreements. State the pitfalls/cons of each. The responses for each bargaining/agreement should be at least one paragraph (minimum five sentences each).
Listed in the “Key Developments Involving Plea Bargaining” chart of the chapter, several Supreme Court cases are presented. Select one of the listed cases, provide a case overview, and explain in your own words how the elements of the case contributed to the plea-bargaining practice. Your response should be at least two paragraphs (minimum five sentences each).
State the three major factors influencing bargaining and discretion. In your own words describe eachfactor and its relevance to bargaining and discretion. Your response to each factor should be at least one paragraph (minimum five sentences each).
Note: Use subheadings in your submission. Those that use AI (artificial intelligence) or plagiarized will receive an “F”. APA formatting is mandatory not optional. Not submitting the assignment in APA format will reduce the potential outcome by one letter grade. Also, it is my expectations that you are able to research the topic and articulate your findings. I will not except submissions that are mainly retrieved from the source, and not articulated in your words. For those that may need assistance with APA writing style, please search Purdue Writing Standards. Also see www.scribbr.comLinks to an external site.Links to an external site. for citation generators and assistance with your reference page. 
REQUIRED TEXT TO USE:
America’s Courts and the Criminal Justice System (12th Edition)
David W. Neubauer and Henry F. Fradella
ISBN: 9781305261051

For this essay, you will be discussing the theme of state jurisdiction entitled “state jurisdiction review: judicial authority in upholding justice”. sources must be taken from at least 1 journal and 1 book. the book you can use is Dr. H. Sunarto’s book, S.H., M.H. entitled The Limits of the Authority of the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission in Supervising Judges. for journal sources, you can use international journal sources related to the theme of the essay. journal and book sources can contain compatible or contradictory perspectives. if the perspectives are compatible, add appropriate case examples.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

I have already started the paper and need help finishing it.
Our system of justice stresses equality under the law as well as uniformity and fairness in the administration of justice. Empirical research, however, has uncovered that discretion afforded to system actors can result in disparities in outcomes based on extra-legal factors and case processing practices. Using findings from the research readings assigned for this course, write a research paper describing current empirical knowledge about the correlates of court decision- making practices. Based on this what is your view of the administration of justice in the United States
Some of the questions you could respond to in your paper are:
– Do we have equality under the law? Are defendants treated similarly at all
stages?
– Do extra-legal factors affect decision-making?
– What factors are the most influential of prosecution and punishment? Does the
type of offense affect these factors?
– Do offender, victim, and judge characteristics play a role in court decisions?
– Can we generalize the manner in which laws are enforced and punishments are
meted out across the country, or are there contexts which influence court
outcomes (i.e., place, geography, and/or demography)?

Hello, so this piece is worth 20 credits and I absolutely need a first (70%)  It is for the module Civil Law and Legal Studies for second year undergraduate (bachelors) degree. The citation style is OSCOLA referencing. I will attach the required or essential textbooks and the module handbook which has all the information in regards to the style of writing and recommened books. 

Nature of assignment: The Module 11 lecture and readings focused on the class action as a key device for mass litigation.
As explained in the lecture and readings, several developments have combined to undermine the class action: (a) Congress passed a law, the Class Action Fairness Act, that pushed most class actions from state to federal court, (b) the Supreme Court, particularly in the Wal-Mart case, made it more difficult to certify a class action in federal court, and (c) the Court has repeatedly enforced arbitration clauses even if they contain explicit or implicit waivers of class actions.
Imagine that you work for a member of Congress who is considering legislative changes to the class action as a litigation device. The member of Congress has asked you to write a brief memo outlining one or more proposals that you would make to reform the class action via congressional legislation. Write a memo of between five and seven double-spaced pages. In your memo, you should do the following things.
First, explain what you see as a key problem or problems with the role of the class action in modern civil litigation. In doing so, make sure you explain how class actions differ from ordinary civil litigation, and create additional challenges.
Second, describe one or more proposals for reform or change to the class action as a litigation device, which could be embodied in a new law passed by Congress.
Third, explain why your proposal or proposals would be an improvement over the status quo.
As with the first assignment (on discovery), you are free to write a memo covering only one proposed reform, or you may write about more than one proposal. However, I highly recommend that you do not spread yourself too thin by trying to write about too many topics. An approach that tries to cover too much ground will likely receive a lower grade because it will be unable to fully explain and defend the changes that are being proposed.
In writing your memo, you are free to consult any outside material you wish, as well as any of the required or optional readings. The organization and clarity of your writing will also affect your grade.

Critically discuss the way in which constitutional supremacy is ensured in two
countries of your choice’
Critical essay
OSCOLA referencing and bib
no more than 2000 words
I have attached some sources and a top mark sample for guidance however you can use more sources which would be ideal

What factors do you think explain the growth of arbitration as an alternative to litigation in the US?
Imagine that you work for a member of Congress, who is preparing a bill that would ban all arbitration clauses in certain areas, particularly for consumer contracts and employment agreements. The member of Congress seeks your input into the legislation. Would you support such a ban? Why or why not?