Category: Law

This what
their post it about
·        
Begin the discussion by explaining the strengths, differences,
and limitations of both qualitative and quantitative proposal and evaluation
approaches.
·        
Create an argument for which types of data and conclusions based
on that information among the mixed methods approach best serves a research
proposal for examining a criminal justice program.
·        
Support your opinions with research from the text and through independent
research.
Guided Response: Review several posts in this discussion forum
and respond to at least two of your peers. Decide why you agree with them and
explain. Utilize the research skills you have acquired thus far and support
your position with credible, scholarly sources utilizing APA sourcing. It doesn’t
have to be a long respond.  
Peer 1.
When we say that qualitative
and quantitative data are mixed, it could suggest that they are genuinely
blended on one end of the continuum, maintained separately on the other, or
mingled in some way in the middle (Creswell & Creswell, 2017).
Begin the discussion by explaining the strengths,
differences, and limitations of both qualitative and quantitative proposal and
evaluation approaches.
There are benefits, drawbacks, and nuances to
both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Understanding things from a close, detailed
perspective is the goal of qualitative research, which is frequently
inquisitive. It excels at giving in-depth knowledge on a specific situation,
problem, or case by way of extensive, rich information. Nevertheless, there are
several drawbacks to consider, such as the fact that data collecting and
analysis can be time-consuming, there is a chance of researcher bias, and it is
difficult to generalize results to bigger populations.
Conversely, quantitative research is usually
employed to verify theories and derive findings that can be applied to broader
groups of people. It excels at producing statistically valid numerical data,
which is necessary for making fair comparisons and measurements. The danger of
oversimplification and a lack of finesse in comprehending complicated
situations are two of its shortcomings.
Just to clarify:
Researchers frequently employ qualitative
methods when they wish to delve deeply into a topic, get insight into many
viewpoints, and discover prevailing trends in thought and opinion. The capacity
to provide data context and depth is one of its strongest points. It can be
useful for getting a deep and comprehensive grasp of difficult topics. Findings
may be open to interpretation and methods may be less structured than in
quantitative research due to the subjective character of qualitative research.
In contrast, quantitative research is employed
when the researcher aims to put a numerical value on an issue and collect
numerical data that can be turned into useful statistics. The frequency of
different points of view in a selected sample can be determined using this
method. Statistically analyzing data is a strength of quantitative research,
and it also provides a broader perspective than qualitative research.
Nevertheless, it frequently neglects to delve into the background or rationale
behind specific patterns or trends, which can lead to a lack of depth.
Qualitative research relies more on subjective
interpretation and less on objective deductive reasoning than quantitative
research. While larger, randomly selected populations are used in quantitative
research, smaller, non-randomly selected groups are typically used in
qualitative research. Quantitative research relies on numerical and statistical
data, whereas qualitative research relies on words, images, or physical things.
Create an argument for which types of
data and conclusions based on that information among the mixed methods approach
best serves a research proposal for examining a criminal justice program.
A research proposal that aims to examine a
criminal justice program would benefit most from a mixed methods approach,
which incorporates both quantitative and qualitative data. As a third research
paradigm, mixed-methods studies can unite quantitative and qualitative
approaches (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). By capturing both numerical
trends and nuanced perspectives, this approach provides a more thorough
assessment of the program’s effectiveness.
Just to clarify:
Obtaining quantitative data is essential for
drawing general conclusions about the program’s performance. Statistical proof
of KPIs like response times, recidivism rates, and crime rates can be provided.
The ability to compare results over time or between programs, as well as to
spot trends or patterns, makes this data very useful, but it can miss some of
the intricacies of the program and the people’s experiences therein.
However, qualitative information can provide
light on the program’s inner workings and results to a greater extent. Police
officers, program participants, and community members are just a few of the
individuals whose viewpoints might be illuminated by qualitative data gathered
through techniques including focus groups, case studies, and interviews. The
‘why’ behind quantitative trends can be better understood with this kind of
data, and it can also reveal improvement opportunities that were not apparent
from the statistics alone.
Finally, a criminal justice program can be
better understood with a mixed methods approach. This technique can provide
valuable insights for program evaluation and policy-making by combining
quantitative and qualitative data.
Create an argument for which types of
data and conclusions based on that information among the mixed methods approach
best serves a research proposal for examining a criminal justice program.
Research proposals that aim to analyze
criminal justice programs are better served by mixed-methods approaches, which
integrate qualitative and quantitative data. Because it can record both
quantitative trends and nuanced viewpoints, this method provides a fuller
picture of the program’s efficacy.
Let me explain:
To give a general picture of the program’s
success, quantitative data is essential. Key performance measures including
crime rates, recidivism rates, and reaction times can be provided with
statistical evidence. If you want to see trends or patterns or compare programs
across time, this is the data for you. On the other hand, it might leave out
important details about the program and the participants’ experiences.
The program’s functioning and impacts can be
better understood with qualitative data. The viewpoints of different
stakeholders, such as community residents, program participants, and law
enforcement officials, might be uncovered using qualitative data collection
approaches like focus groups, case studies, or interviews. The ‘why’ behind
quantitative trends can be better understood with this kind of data, and it can
also reveal improvement opportunities that weren’t necessarily apparent from the
numbers.
Ultimately, a criminal justice program can be
better understood through a mixed methods approach, which offers a more
sophisticated and comprehensive view. Program assessment and policy-making can
both benefit from this approach’s ability to combine quantitative and
qualitative data.
References
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell,
J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. SAGE Publications. Retrieved from: www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Creswell-Cap-10.pdfLinks to an external site.
Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie,
A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has
come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3700093?origin=JSTOR-pdfLinks to an external site.
Peer 2.
Qualitative
and quantitative analyses are essential components of research, each offering
unique strengths, differences, and limitations in proposal and evaluation
approaches. Qualitative research methods, such as interviews, observations, and
focus groups, are valuable for exploring complex phenomena, capturing rich,
detailed data, and gaining insights into individuals’ experiences and
perspectives (Creswell & Poth, 2018). Qualitative approaches allow
researchers to delve deep into understanding the why and how behind behaviors
and phenomena, uncovering nuances and complexities that may be missed with
quantitative methods. However, qualitative research is often criticized for its
subjectivity, potential for researcher bias, and limited generalizability due
to small sample sizes (Maxwell, 2013).
On the other
hand, quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical
data through surveys, experiments, and statistical analyses, providing
measurable and standardized information for comparison and generalization
(Babbie, 2016). Quantitative methods are known for their objectivity,
reliability, and ability to produce statistical evidence to support
conclusions. They are particularly useful in establishing relationships between
variables, identifying trends, and making predictions. However, quantitative
research may lack the depth and context provided by qualitative methods,
potentially oversimplifying complex phenomena and human experiences (Bryman,
2012).
For examining a
criminal justice program, a mixed methods approach that combines qualitative
and quantitative data is ideal for providing a comprehensive evaluation.
Qualitative data can offer insights into the experiences of program participants,
stakeholders’ perspectives, and the social dynamics within the criminal justice
system (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). Additionally, qualitative methods can
capture the nuances and complexities of the program’s implementation and
impact, shedding light on factors that quantitative data alone may not reveal.
On the other hand, quantitative data can provide numerical indicators of
program effectiveness, such as crime rates, recidivism statistics, or cost
analysis. By using a mixed methods approach, researchers can triangulate data
sources, validate findings, and offer a more holistic understanding of the
criminal justice program’s outcomes and processes.
Research by
Tashakkori and Teddlie (2010) supports the use of mixed methods in program
evaluation, highlighting the synergistic benefits of combining qualitative and
quantitative data. By integrating both types of data, researchers can gain a
more comprehensive understanding of the program’s impact, effectiveness, and
underlying mechanisms. This integrated approach allows for a more nuanced
evaluation that considers both the quantitative outcomes and qualitative
insights, leading to more informed conclusions and recommendations for
improving the criminal justice program.
References
Babbie, E.
(2016). The practice of social research. Cengage Learning .
Bachman, R.,
& Schutt, R. K. (2017). The practice of research in criminology and
criminal justice. SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W.,
& Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing
among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
Maxwell, J. A.
(2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. SAGE
Publications.
McDavid, J. C.,
Huse, I., & Hawthorn, L. R. L. (2019). Program evaluation and performance
measurement: An introduction to practice (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Tashakkori, A.,
& Teddlie, C. (2010). SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social &
behavioral research. SAGE Publications.

What type of sentence do you think is most effective to serving the public good: definite sentence, the indefinite sentence, or the indeterminate sentence? Identify the critiques of each sentencing philosophy.

INSTRUCTIONS  BELOW AND ATTACHED
Examine proposed and final regulations and write a 3-5-page summary/analysis of the 
regulations. Choose any regulation that interests you at the federal or state level and look at both
the proposed and final versions of the regulation. Below are instructions on how to find
regulations at the federal level, which are generally easier to follow. However, you are free to do
this at the state level if you can obtain the needed information.
To find the final and proposal regulations, start by going to the federal register website:
https://www.federalregister.gov/. Then go to search documents (at the top right hand side) and
enter a search term (e.g., Medicaid, health, tobacco control). That will give you a list of
documents. You want to look for something interesting with a circled R next to it (which means
final rule).
Click on the final rule and then open the PDF version. (You want to quickly scroll
through the final version to make sure they have a section with responses to comments. You also
want to look at the summary in the beginning, as well as reference to the proposed rule that
preceded the final rule which is often found in the Executive Summary section).
Please include the following information in your regulatory summary:
Proposed regulations:
• Legal cite (to the Federal Register or state Register—i.e., date of publication, Register
number and page number)’
• The agency that is issuing the proposed regulations;
• The legal authority for publishing the regulation (i.e., what is the statute that gives the
agency the authority to issue regulations in this area);
• A summary of the proposed rule (no more than a paragraph), including a description of
the problem the rule is meant to address or the goal it intends to accomplish;
• Process for commenting on the rule (i.e., whether a person can request a public hearing,
whether a public hearing has been scheduled by the agency, where a person can submit
public comments, the comment period, etc.).
Final regulations:
• When were the final regulations issued (date of publication, register number and page
number);
• A short summary of the comments and agencies’ response. (Note: I only want you to
summarize one or two of the comments/responses. Some of the final regulations in state
or federal registers can be very long.). I want to be able to determine that you have
reviewed some part of the final regulations in the register, to see how the comment and
agency response process works. Look at the final regulations published in the federal
register, not the Code of Federal Regulations (which is where the final regulations are
codified. The CFR does not include summaries of comments and agency responses).
• Your assessment of whether the regulation is an effective way to address the
problem/accomplish its goal. You may want to consider cost (to the federal/state
government), impact, equity/justice/fairness, and any practical concerns with
implementation. You may also want to consider how the rule compares to other policy
options.

300 words each
D-1
Prior to beginning work on the discussion forum, be certain to have read all the required resources for this week.
In your initial post, identify and discuss the three ethical systems highlighted in the text, McDavid et al. (2019), in Chapter 12: deontological ethics, duty ethics, and consequentialism. For your initial posting,
Provide a reasoned argument for which of the three ethical approaches is best to use in criminal justice as a whole and for your program evaluation proposal.
Provide at least one APA scholarly source not provided in the classroom materials to support your position.
You may choose to present a different ethical approach than the three theories listed above and in the text as the best “fit” for criminal justice as a whole and for your program evaluation proposal from the required readings or from a scholarly source beyond the classroom materials.
D-2
Prior to beginning work on the discussion forum, be certain to have read all the required resources for this week.
All evaluations are conducted, and ultimately exist, in a social environment and can be affected by various social, cultural, political, and economic forces. Based on what you have learned through working on your final summative paper, put your selected topic in its appropriate social context.
Identify and explain the impact of political issues associated with the proposal.
The discussion should focus both on political factors such as socioeconomics, race, or gender, as well as political nuances that might include issues pertaining to the program being utilized for the proposal.
Predict how your proposal will yield actionable results to improve your chosen program.
Identify and discuss the most surprising thing you found in your research that caused you to reevaluate a previously held opinion.

Final Paper
[WLOs: 1, 2, 3] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, review Chapters 1 through 7 and 11 through 14 of the textbook.
For your Final Paper, assume the following scenario: You are the manager of Acme Fireworks, a fireworks retailer who sells fireworks, and produces fireworks displays with ground display fireworks and large aerial display fireworks. The company started in the owner’s garage 2 years ago and now has 15 employees who you manage. The company started as a sole proprietorship, and the owner has never changed the entity. The owner has informed you that the company has received inquiries from several large businesses wondering if the company could create several fireworks displays on a regular basis. The owner told the inquirers that the company could fill such display orders, and a price per display was agreed upon. It was discussed that most of the cost for a fireworks display is for skilled labor, insurance, and the actual service of setting off the fireworks. No other details were discussed. The owner is anticipating that new employees will need to be hired, but he is worried that if the large orders for fireworks displays do not continue, the company will not have the funds to pay the new employees. The owner is now considering changing the business entity, but he does not know what entity to form or how to form it.
In your paper, the owner has asked you to do the following:
Analyze if the contracts with the businesses will be governed by common law or the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC).
Explain why.
Analyze whether the owner formed a contract with the businesses.
Apply the five essential elements of an enforceable contract.
Explain the potential personal liability to Acme Fireworks if a spectator is injured by a stray firework from a fireworks display.
Discuss the different employment types and relationships relevant to agency law.
Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each type specific to Acme Fireworks.
Explain why Acme Fireworks should not operate as a sole proprietorship.
Recommend a new business entity.
Provide rationale to support your recommendation.
For each task, be sure to analyze the relevant law, apply the facts to the law, and make a conclusion.
The Final Paper
must be eight to 10 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA Formatting for Microsoft WordLinks to an external site..
must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper in bold font
Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.
Student’s name
Name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus)
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Due date
must utilize level headings to organize the paper. See the APA Style ElementsLinks to an external site. resource for assistance.
must utilize academic voice. See the Academic VoiceLinks to an external site. and Making Your Writing Flow resources for additional guidance.
must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
For assistance on writing Introductions & ConclusionsLinks to an external site. and Writing a Thesis StatementLinks to an external site., refer to the Writing Center resources.
must address the topic of the paper with critical thought. That is, describe what your response is to the content, either positive or negative, and defend your position. If multiple options, alternatives, and/or positions are present and are being rejected, you must also defend the reasons for rejecting an option.
must use at least five credible and/or scholarly sources, two of which must be from the University of Arizona Global Campus Library, in addition to the course text.
The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible SourcesLinks to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source.
To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view Quick and Easy Library ResearchLinks to an external site. tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.
must document any information used from sources in APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your PaperLinks to an external site. guide.
must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center.
See the APA: Formatting Your References ListLinks to an external site. resource in the Writing Center for specifications.

Please write the remaining sections from the word doc. Use the pdfs to help as there are notes, instructions and legislation to assist. 
Please footnote in AGLC4 – no further research is required. 

Write a two-page maximum (double-spaced) journal
entry discussing “the biggest lesson(s) learned or was inspired by this week
in the course.”   A journal entry might consist
of thoughts on
strategies or tactics used in your personal dealings
or during a particular
class exercise or negotiation; entries may consist of
thoughts about readings, videos,
or lectures from that week; or it might
address some of the questions set forth in the 
Syllabus section entitled
“Additional thoughts on Journal entries” (see below).  Students 
should refer to class lectures,
readings, and exercises when writing your Journal entries
WRITING REQUIREMENTS  
1” borders, and 12-point font. Also, please put page numbers at the bottom of each page.
Citing in your papers/journals to readings, exercises, lectures, videos, etc., can be quite 
informal—please do so by either (1) putting footnotes at the bottom of the page, or (2) by
putting citations directly into the text of your paper. For example, writing “(ATL, p. 13)” in the text (or in a footnote) of your paper or journal entry would indicate a reference to p. 13 of our textbook, Alternatives to Litigation.
Following are the kinds of questions that might be interesting to address in your journal 
entries. (This list is not meant to be exhaustive; rather, it’s meant to serve as inspiration for
possible journal entries): 
Readings
What
were the most helpful principles/ideas/concepts you learned from this
section of reading?
In
thinking about this section of reading, what did you agree with most,
and what did you agree with least?
What concept or discussion was enlightening for
you or provided a first-time exposure to an argument, thought process or
experience?
Are
there ideas/concepts/principles in the readings that might sound good in
‘theory’ but that might not work as well in the ‘real world’? Explain why.
Are
there readings or ideas from the course that will be especially relevant
to your work or responsibilities outside of school? Explain why.
Why
do you believe certain disputes are more difficult to resolve? Is it the
dispute or the people? 
Can you write about a
particular ADR skill that you are focused on developing or improving right
now, and why?
Exercises
What
did you do especially well during this exercise? What did the other side
do well?
What
was your biggest mistake during the exercise? The other side’s?
Who
was persuasive in this exercise, and why?
Did
your respective styles of interaction and communication work well together
during the exercise? Why or why not?
What
were the major difficulties that occurred during this exercise? Were they
successfully addressed? If not, why not?
Can
you give an example of how you attempted to use, during the exercise, some
of the tools/skills/lessons you’ve learned during the course?
What
are the most important lessons you learned from the exercise? Will you be
able to apply those lessons to other areas of your work or life?
Can
you write about a particular ADR skill that you are focused on developing
or improving right now, and why?

Just like other employees, federal employees can face an array of challenges including disability claims, discrimination and harassment, whistleblower claims, retaliation, wrongful termination, and other adverse employment actions. However, many of their rights are governed by specific laws that are unique to federal employees, and few law firms understand the complexities of their rights. Our team is dedicated to helping federal employees nationwide understand and protect their rights. We are committed to educating and raising awareness for workplace injustices. We want to hear from law students on their thoughts on the following questions. Do your research, cite sources, and give your personal thoughts on the following: How are federal employees’ rights different from employees working in the private sector? Do you feel that federal employees have more or less protections than employees in the private sector? State your reasons.
Essay must be a minimum of 400 and maximum of 500 words

I will provide topic.
Choose one of the following issues or controversies concerning law and education and submit a summary of recent cases or commentary concerning ONE of the following areas and submit a paper double spaced not less than 10 pages  concerning aspects of the area which you believe to be relevant to present situations and circumstances; try to refer to one or more specific cases or situations and explore the historical background of public education law concerning that area and what you anticipate might be future developments. You should try to find court decisions, decisions of commissioner of education, or articles-particularly recent ones or developments–which

The focus of the final paper will be on creating a program evaluation proposal suitable for presentation in a criminal justice setting, whether it be public, private, or nonprofit. The proposal will center on needs assessment, impact monitoring, and the application of quantitative or qualitative techniques for the selected program. McDavid et al. (2019) discusses further multiple socioeconomic, ethical, and research evaluations and methods that need to be incorporated into the final paper. Your program evaluation proposal will address a specific, contemporary issue in the criminal justice field of your choice. Utilize research skills to locate a minimum of eight appropriate scholarly sources to support your statements within the required sections listed below. You can utilize information from previous deliverable materials throughout the course, but sections of content from previous assignments should not be copied and pasted into the final paper. The evaluation proposal will be assessed based on the inclusion of the following elements:
Describe foundational information succinctly for your program evaluation proposal, including its purpose, stakeholders, history, and whether the program is public, private, or nonprofit.
Introduce the main topics for your evaluation proposal.
Justify the methodology, including the data to be collected, means of collection, and how the data will be used to support the proposal.
Appraise how program evaluation and performance measurements will be utilized in your proposal.
Evaluate inputs (stakeholders or resources and activities), outputs (measures), and anticipated outcomes (short and long term) for the proposal.
Examine the impact of relevant issues, including potential political, social, economic, or cultural constraints associated with this program or policy.
Justify your proposal through your chosen ethical theory and provide support for how the proposal meets those ethical standards.
Support how professional judgment has been utilized in the program evaluation proposal and explain the strengths and weaknesses of how judgment will affect the outcomes of the proposal.
The Evaluation Proposal final paper
must be 10 to 15 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to formatted according to APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA Formatting for Microsoft WordLinks to an external site. resource.
must include a separate title paper with the following in title case:
title of paper in bold font
Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.
student’s name
name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus)
course name and number
instructor’s name
due date
must use at least eight scholarly sources in addition to the course text for a total of at least nine sources in the final product.
The literature review and the methodology sections will be completed throughout the course as part of the formative weekly assignments. You can use those sections verbatim, or build upon them, within the text of the final paper.
The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible SourcesLinks to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source.
To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view Quick and Easy Library ResearchLinks to an external site. tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.
must document any information used from sources in APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your PaperLinks to an external site. guide.
must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center.
See the APA: Formatting Your References ListLinks to an external site. resource in the Writing Center for specifications.
Carefully review the Grading RubricLinks to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.