Category: International affairs / relations

Does a conflict exist between safeguarding national security and protecting civil liberties? How can this tension be addressed?

Instructions
Read “The Third Founding: The Rise of Multiracial Democracy and the Authoritarian Reaction Against It” by Steven Levitsky. What is the normative theoretical basis of multiracial democracy? Use the Module 4 readings (including Taylor, Kymlicka, Mouffe, and others) to explain what kinds of rights and obligations citizens can expect in such a political system. How can multiracial democracy resolve the tensions between liberal and communitarianism, and liberty and equality? What is the basis of multiracial coalitions against illiberal authoritarians who rely on racial exclusion to re-create a homogenous nation-state? 
Your answer should be five pages, double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font, with a works cited and parenthetical citations. 
Use sources from the ones I have attached and from the Levitsky paper mentioned in directions. You are to use parenthetical citations; you can use quoted phrases with page numbers as well, if necessary.

From the Syllabus: This assignment requires you to use themes from the readings and debate
critically the meaning, scope, and/or practices. Critique does not simply mean your opinion; it
must be well-reasoned and backed up by reconstructing the arguments and ideas from the
readings. You may be surprised by the readings, think they are interesting, or incredibly boring.
… In these shorter essays, you are expected to make a strong argument about a specific week’s
readings, and to support this argument with theoretical and empirical evidence. External
sources are not required for the short papers. Your sources for these papers are class
readings.
1. What is one key difference between liberal and critical feminism? Illustrate with an
example.
What is one key difference between liberal and critical feminism? Illustrate with an example
General Writing Handout
This handout is a general rubric for the shorter, three-page papers.
As a rubric, this means that if you do not follow the directions, then you lose points. Like, no
thesis, then you cannot receive an ‘A’ for the paper. Of course, you can also lose points if you
get things wrong. But the easiest way to lose points is to not follow these simple directions.
Things You MUST Include in Your Papers:
A thesis (what’s that? See the handout on thesis statements)
A header with your name, class, and date
Double spacing
At least one quotation or reference to a text in every paragraph except the introduction and
conclusion
1 inch margins
Multiple paragraphs throughout the paper, each roughly half the page in length
Thing You NEVER Include in Your Papers:
Outside soures
Quotations from dictionaries (webster, Oxford, whatever)
Quotations from lecture, PowerPoints
General words like “good,” “bad,” or “important”
A first paragraph that is the entire first page, or more
Title pages
Large quotations from sources that are not cited (this includes copying something from a
website, and that includes hyperlinks). This also counts as plagiarism, see university policies on
this matter

General Instructions:
·      Download this Word file containing the final exam and type your answers directly onto the document. 
·      Save the file to your computer. 
·      Name the file as follows: last name, first initial. 
·      Do not forget to sign the academic honesty statement. 
·      Upload the written portion of your exam to Blackboard no later than Friday, MARCH 22, at 11:59 pm. 
This is an open book exam covering course material from1/31 to 3/13. However, ONLY course materials are allowed during this exam: assigned course texts, class notes, lecture slides.
Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is strictly prohibited. Any detected use of AI on any portion of this exam will result in automatic failure. 
DO NOT plagiarize any portion of this exam. Properly quote and paraphrase sources (include author and page number(s)) for all references. Do not simply use quotes from the texts for your answers to concepts or use them to constitute your essay. Quotes should be USED MINIMALLY and for effect rather than as a substitute for your OWN WORDS. If you are unsure of what constitutes plagiarism, please visit the CWE library page for resources. Note, failing to include quotation marks around verbatim (word-for-word) text AND failing to use your own words to paraphrase are considered plagiarism. 
Please read the instructions below for each section very carefully to understand what is required. 
Note Part III of this exam (the multiple choice section) will occur between 4:30 and 5:30 pm on March 20 on Blackboard). 
Academic Honesty Statement: 
I have not used any sources other than our course texts, class notes, and the lecture slides available on our class Blackboard forum to answer the questions below. I have not used AI or any other technology or collaborated with other people, including any of my classmates, in my efforts to complete this exam. The work below is entirely my own. I understand that any form of academic dishonesty (cheating, reliance on unapproved sources, and plagiarism) will result in automatic failure.  Type your initials here: Analay Balbuena  Date: 03/22
Part I: Concepts and Authors (25 points, 5 points each)
Instructions: Choose 5 of 8 concepts listed below. 
Define and explain the meaning and relevance of the following concepts as they appear in OUR COURSE READINGS. 
·      Each response should be about 150 words
·      Name the author(s) from our course readings who use the concept
·      Be sure to provide the page numbers of the texts that you use
·      Do NOT look to the internet for definitions or simply copy lecture slides
·      Provide either textual support from the reading and/or examples to support your answer
Androcentrism 
Gender-based Violence
Hegemonic masculinity
Genderscapes of Hate
New Christian Right
Stratified Reproduction
Intersectionality
Sovereignty 
Part II: Essay (50 points)
Choose ONE of the following essay prompts. In about 750 words, write an essay in your own words that comprehensively answers the chosen prompt. Be sure to draw on all relevant course readings and quote and cite the authors and page numbers. 
The goal here is to show that you have not only completed the reading assignments but also understand their content.  
Writing tips: Be sure to include an introduction, body, and conclusion. Provide textual or empirical evidence to support your arguments. Grammar and spell check your work! Be thorough in your answer. Please double space your essay and use 12-point font. 
·      Explain the meaning of the phrase “Women’s Rights are Human Rights.” In your analysis, be sure to discuss the ways in which feminists have critiqued both traditional human rights and cultural relativist positions and have contributed to human rights theory and practice, including with intersectional perspectives. (Key Readings Hint: Ackerly, Arat, United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Speeches, Deer, Encarnación article). 
OR
·      Where do we tend to see the most acute levels of violence against women, particularly rape and femicide? In your response, identify specific factors, geographies/spaces, and how other forms of social hierarchy (race, class, caste) render some women more vulnerable than others. Your answer should say something about the role of government authorities in guaranteeing (or failing to guarantee) the rights of women. (Key Readings Hint: Gillis and Jacobs; World Health Organization; Deer; Amnesty International; Encarnación and other news articles for Log 5; Godoy-Paiz; López; Datta). 
LINKS TO SOME READINGS:
https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/the-handmaids-tale-greatest-failing-is-how-it-handles-race.html
https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/human-rights
https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII

https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-stream/2022/5/3/why-is-femicide-in-mexico-on-the-rise
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/jan/30/i-cant-face-how-much-she-suffered-argentina-femicides-at-record-high-as-milei-dilutes-protections#:~:text=Argentina%20reported%20322%20femicides%20in,males%20because%20they%20are%20female”.
https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/07/india/india-violence-against-women-teen-murders-intl-hnk-dst/index.html
https://theconversation.com/femicide-in-italy-a-modern-phenomenon-deeply-rooted-in-countrys-cultural-past-222665
https://apnews.com/article/turkey-women-killings-femicide-abuse-bd261ad004ded6a8b7ca32c83cab315c

1 Origins of Development of foreign minitries in the early modern era.
1.1 Origins
1.2 Rationale
1.3 research questions
1.4 assumptions
1.5 notions
1.6 conclusion
2 Origins of foreign ministries in UK and france

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing a thesis about the two-state solution in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. My thesis consists of seven chapters, including the conclusion. I have completed two chapters so far (the introduction and the literature review). I need help in writing the remaining five chapters: Theoritical Framework, Methodology, Case Study analysis, Analysis of Findings, and conclusion and recommendations.  
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1
Statement of Research Problem
1.2
Objectives of Study
1.3
Significance of Study
1.5
Research Questions and Hypotheses
1.6
Methodology
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1
Historical Context of the Two-State Solution
2.2
Key Milestones and Agreements: Madrid Conference and Oslo Agreement
2.3
Role of International Actors and Diplomatic Efforts
2.4
One state or two states?
Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework
3.1
Theories of Conflict Resolution
3.2
Models of State Sovereignty and Self-Determination
3.3
Implications of International Law on the Two-State Solution
Chapter 4: Methodology
4.1
Research Design
4.2
Data Collection Methods
4.3
Data Analysis Techniques
Chapter 5: Case Study Analysis
5.1
The Oslo Accords
5.2
The Arab Peace Initiative
Chapter 6: Analysis and Findings
6.1
Barriers to Implementing the Two-State Solution
6.2
Impact of Recent Wars and Political Changes
Conclusion
and Recommendations
7.1
Summary of Findings
7.3
Future Research Directions
Please dont hesisitaet if you have any questions. I kindly asked you to finish this project before May 20. I need to review and submit by May 22.
Thank you for your support.

make sure to clearly state the thesis in both the introduction and essay 
make sure to define key terms or concepts related to the topic 
Please be consistent in your style (paragraphs, spelling and capitalisation). 
use linking words 
please follow the word count of 2500 
i am providing 7 sources of my own that need to be implemented onto the essay, please have a read of each of the sources to take key ideas. Out of the 7 please find extra 3 more sources ( only scholarly sources which are peer reviewed) 
the sources : 
The Liberal International Ordering of crisis by Peoples, Columba – week 1 recommend reading
The end of liberal international order? – Ikenberry, G. John- week 1 recommend reading
Ethnographic research after violent conflicts: personal reflections on dilemmas and challenges by Susanne Buckley-Zistel – week 5 essential reading 
The Tragedy of Liberal Diplomacy: Democratization, Intervention, Statebuilding (Part I( by Jahn, Beate – under week 6 recommended readings 
The myth of liberal peace-building by  Selby, Jan – under week 6 recommended readings 
Why the International Community Made It So Difficult to Prosecute the Crime of Genocide by A. Dirk Moses – under week 7 essential readings 
A rage shared by law: post-September 11 racial violence as crimes of passion by Ahmad, Muneer I. – under week 8 essential readings 
please make sure you find the corrext source, i have procided the authors name as well. 

Guidelines for the research paper one
Selection of topics
Assignment paper two will focus on the topics covered in week eight. The assignment aims to research one African country’s post-Cold War democratization process and assess the level of democratization in the country.  The paper will analyze the nature of the state during the Cold War era, the domestic and international factors that led to democratization, the way the multiparty system was introduced, the level of democratic exercise based on the elections conducted in the country, and the role of regional and international actors in the election and democratization process, and citizens’ satisfaction levels based on data sources from BaroMeter. 
Sources
After you select the country case study, the next step is data collection, focusing on the topics covered in week eight. The data collection aims to demonstrate your understanding of the democratization process and challenges in the specific country case study. You can collect data from credible sources such as books, published reports, and peer-reviewed articles.
You can use up to  twenty  references but not less than twelve. The sources should exclude those that are assigned for the course. Under no circumstances should the paper be based on Wikipedia.
3. Structure of the paper
A. Introduction
The introduction introduces the paper’s purpose to readers, how you collected the data, and some points that highlight the paper’s conclusion.  
B. Main body(there must be subheadings in this case)
The main body develops the primary relationships and patterns based on data analysis.
C. Conclusion
The conclusion summarizes the most significant points and highlights the paper’s main findings.
Note: Follow the American Psychological Association (APA)citation and referencing style
REFERENCE THE SLIDES IN THE PAPER and use it to make your point.
Make sure the sources are free ones that I can access

You will have to write the 1rst  of the plan of my thesis master (between 20-25 pages)
I.  Context and challenges of the energy
transition in the Caucasus    
I. Context and challenges of the energy transition in the Caucasus
A. The current state of energy resources and energy policies in the Caucasus
1. Overview of traditional and renewable energy resources: Assess the availability and exploitation of oil, natural gas, hydropower, and emerging renewable sources like solar and wind.
2. Government policies and regulatory frameworks: Discuss the energy policies at a national level, including any commitments to green energy, subsidies, and international environmental agreements.
B. Economic impacts and infrastructural challenges
1. Economic benefits and dependencies: Analyze how energy exports shape the economies of the Caucasus countries and their dependency on these revenues.
2. Infrastructure development and needs: Evaluate the existing energy infrastructure and the challenges or needs in transitioning towards more sustainable energy systems.
C. The main international players involved in the energy transition in the Caucasus
also if you can see in the Word doc you have some recommendations from my thesis director 
So  I would like you to develop somwhere in the Part I
Reveal the corridor with China:
Section: Context and challenges of the energy transition in the Caucasus
Rationale: This can be discussed under the main international players involved in the energy transition. You can explore China’s strategic interests in the region through initiatives like the Belt and Road, emphasizing how this corridor influences energy policies and geopolitics in the Caucasus.
You can use my thesis of last year that i upload for the sources I would like you to cite at least he IEA ,and Dr. Tatiana Mitrova apart of the others sources
I would like also some footnotes and graphs and images that i can put in my annexes, at least 5 pages of annexes

IT IS AN Argumentative essay. You must answer one essay question from the list below, presenting and developing a main argument and at the same time engaging with existing academic scholarship about US intelligence and foreign policy.
essay question:
How influential was the CIA during the Reagan presidency (1981-89)? 
In completing the essay assignment, you should address Module Learning Outcomes A, B, C, D, and E. You must engage with at least five secondary sources (scholarly books/book chapters/journal articles)from the sources I have uploaded. Failure to engage with those secondary sources will result in a two-mark penalty per missing source up to 10 marks. You are encouraged to supplement these sources with your own independent research of other English-language academic sources and to engage with primary source evidence (such as government policy papers and intelligence memoranda, speeches, memoirs etc.) 
You don’t need to find Secondary sources by yourself, I will help u to find and upload them.
Also let me preface this by saying that no false citations will be allowed to appear. Thanks.
every important info in the “essay brief”.