Category: History

For your research paper, you should be making some sort of overall argument supported by your sources. Organization will help with the clarity of your argument. Research papers should include an introductory and concluding paragraph and should clearly and cleanly flow from one idea to the next.
You must use AT LEAST two (2) articles from JSTOR or Archer Library in addition to any other primary and secondary sources you use. Again, electronic sources five pages or less (printed) will not be acceptable sources for this assignment.
You will be required to cite (by footnote) any examples from any source you use. You will use the Chicago style of citation based on the citation guide provided. Do not forget that the University has provided all students with Microsoft Office and that both Googledocs and Microsoft Word has an “insert footnote” button, so you will not need to manually design your footnote structure. For additional help with citations, feel free to consult with the professor, the librarians, and/or the following site for more troublesome sources:
Chicago Manual online:
https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html
In addition, you will be required to have a bibliography of sources at the end of your paper. The bibliography will not count towards the page count
All essays will be printed on 8 ½ by 11″ paper (standard paper for most printers) and using 1″ margins. All essays will be in Times-New Roman font in 12-point type, double spaced, with a page number on the top-right corner (not including the first page). Please put your name and date on the top-right corner.

Read the article “How the Christian Faith Helped World War I Soldiers on the Western Front Cope with Shell-Shock” and write a 250-word response summarizing how Christianity helped soldiers process through shell-shock in WWI.

Among the events/issues discussed in the videos about WWI, which two did you find to be the most surprising, and why?

Your paper should have a strong thesis statement and your paper must explain/defend/back-up/give evidence backing up your thesis statement. You should have at least three main points to support your thesis statement in your submission.
You must use also use proper in-text citations throughout your paper. Please use MLA format for writing your paper and writing your citations. Your paper must be a minimum of 3 complete pages, this does not include your Works Cited Page.
You need to use your textbook and at least one additional secondary source within your paper. Your additional secondary source MUST be from a peer reviewed article that is accessed from the library database, such as JSTOR. You can find additional history databases on the Valencia Library website at: https://libguides.valenciacollege.edu/forsythe. Websites are not acceptable as extra sources unless approved by me in advance.

You MUST cite ALL evidence that you use to answer the discussion questions this week! Just use in-text citations with Deloria and the page#.  For example, Blah blah blah blah (Deloria 50).
One and only source: 
Indians in Unexpected Places
by Philip J. Deloria
Questions for discussion
1) One of the key questions that Deloria asks in his book is “What is the connection between the ‘Indian’ and American identity?” (Deloria 8).  After finishing the book, how would you explain this connection in your own words? Your answer should use evidence from multiple chapters in the book.
2) The Boston Tea Party is one of the first major events that Deloria uses to explore his idea of “playing Indian”? How does Deloria explain the Boston Tea Party in terms of “playing Indian” in Chapter 1? In other words, why does he suggest that the participants dressed like Indians?
3) In Chapter 4, Deloria explains how Americans confronted with modernity once again turned to Indian imagery, costumes, “rituals,” etc.  Compare and contrast the use of these things in creating an American identity with how they were used in the Revolutionary/Early Republic era (particularly Chapters 1 &2).
4) Compare and contrast the use of Indianness by “Hobbyist Indians” (Chapter 5) and Countercultural Americans (Chapter 6)?
5) What effects did Americans’ adoption of Indianness have on actual Native Americans? How did Native Americans challenge this adoption at times? Your answer should use evidence from multiple chapters in the book.

Discussion 1 history
Details Please read the course materials for Week 1 and then participate in this discussion. Select one question to respond to for your initial posting. In your two comments to others in the class, be sure to select a different question than was the focus of your initial posting. Does the American West have a different “culture” from the rest of America? If so, what distinguishes it from the culture of the rest of the country? How did the Spanish in the Southwest organize their communities among the natives? What were their social interactions and the role of religion? How did the introduction of the horse and gun impact the indigenous communities in the Great Plains or the Southwest? Discuss ways the Anasazi culture compared to other natives in the Southwest at the time of the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors? Discuss the role disease played in the early settlement of the American West? Is the view of the Spanish as especially harsh conquerors and explorers valid? Peer responses to answer to, 1. Does the American West Have a Different “Culture” from the Rest of America? The culture of the American West is vastly different from the culture of the American East, using the Mississippi River as a dividing line. In the American East, there are more individual communities of immigrants that harbor strong cultural ties with their native lands. For example, the “Pennsylvania Dutch” community, the Irish in Boston, and Italians in New York. These cultural styles permeate throughout the East and do not have as prominent an influence from Spanish culture due to the dominant immigration from countries such as England, France, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Other countries such as Germany, Italy, and Poland also had large numbers of immigrants come to America’s eastern ports in the 19th and 20th centuries. (Outline of US History, 2011) North American immigration was dominated by these countries while South American immigration and cultural subjugation was overwhelmingly the work of the Spanish and Portuguese. These peoples moved west and north into the American West bringing dominant influence on the region without other European competition and integration that was seen in the East. In the West, it is apparent that there is more influence of uniquely Spanish culture in everything from food, fashion, architecture, and their customs. The East does not show the same unique Spanish cultural integration that is encountered in the West. (Bolton, Kiva, Cross, and Crown 1949) In addition to the Spanish influence in the American West, there is a more prominent Native American presence as well. While immigrants in the American East pushed to the west, they forced Native Americans from their ancestral lands and pushed them further and further to the west. Federal establishment of reservations granted lands in the West to Native American peoples which has influenced the cultures in those areas, greater than in the East. (Outline of US History, 2011). Peer response 2. Does the American West Have a Different “Culture” from the Rest of America? The American West undeniably has a distinct culture that differentiates it from the rest of the United States, shaped by its unique history, geography, and social dynamics. One major factor contributing to the unique culture of the American West is its frontier history. Frederick Jackson Turner, in his seminal work on the American frontier, argued that the frontier experience fostered a spirit of independence, self-reliance, and innovation. This ethos of rugged individualism became deeply embedded in the Western psyche, influencing the region’s cultural identity long after the frontier era ended (Turner, 1920). Furthermore, the American West’s cultural diversity is a significant distinguishing feature. The region’s history of Spanish colonization, Native American presence, and subsequent waves of European and Asian immigration created a rich tapestry of cultural influences. This multicultural heritage is evident in the Southwest, where Hispanic cultural elements, such as architecture, cuisine, and festivals, remain prominent. This blend of cultures contrasts sharply with the more homogenous Anglo-Saxon cultural influences predominant in the Eastern United States (“Early America,” UMGC). Geography also plays a crucial role in shaping Western culture. The vast open spaces, arid deserts, and imposing mountain ranges of the West fostered a sense of isolation and self-sufficiency among its inhabitants. This connection to the land is reflected in the region’s literature, art, and environmental attitudes. The Western landscape has inspired a distinct genre of American art and literature, often emphasizing themes of exploration, survival, and the sublime beauty of nature (“National Park Services Preface,” UMGC). Economically, the history of the West has contributed to its cultural uniqueness. Industries such as mining, ranching, and later, technology and entertainment have historically dominated the Western economy. The Gold Rush, the cattle drives, and the rise of Silicon Valley are iconic elements of Western economic history that have shaped the region’s cultural identity. This economic diversity has fostered a spirit of entrepreneurship and innovation that continues to define the West (“National Park Services,” UMGC). In conclusion, the American West does have a distinct culture, shaped by its frontier history, cultural diversity, geographical features, and economic developments. These factors combined have created a region with a unique identity that is both independent and intricately connected to its diverse historical roots. Rubric, Answered question by the deadline with required 250-word minimum. Cited required readings at least 3 times using correct Chicago-style method including footnotes. Included no factual errors or misreading of the course materials. Used quotations only for effect and comprised less than 20% of the post. Included an explicit thesis statement.Explained main points from the readings cited. Provided 3 detailed examples to support his/her answer. Provided 3 insights that furthered knowledge of the discussion topic. Communicated the post clearly with good paragraph organization and no grammatical or spelling errors. Clearly described and expressed his/her own conclusions. Peer Response 1 Weight: 20% 10 points for each response to 5 criteria worth 2. Completed peer response to a different Initial Post by the deadline with required 100-word minimum. Communicated peer response clearly with good paragraph organization and no grammatical or spelling errors. Accurately represented the student’s point of view. Included no factual errors or misreading of the course materials. Provided comments and questions that furthered discussion of the topic. Peer Response 2 Weight: 20% 10 points for each response to 5 criteria worth 2 points each. Completed peer response to a different Initial Post by the deadline with required 100-word minimum. Communicated peer response clearly with good paragraph organization and no grammatical or spelling errors. Accurately represented the student’s point of view. Included no factual errors or misreading of the course materials. Provided comments and questions that furthered discussion of the topic.

Please choose the following statement and support it. 
American actions vis-à-vis the Philippines cannot be viewed form the prism of morality or immorality. America by defeating Spain in the Spanish American War freed the Philippines from the highly oppressive Spanish colonial rule, which lasted for three centuries. Thereafter, America colonized and ruled the Philippines that significantly benefited by American effort to develop and modernize the Philippines. Also, utilization of African American soldiers in the Philippine-American War (1899 -1902) was not racially motivated.
Use the assigned readings as a reference in formulating your essay:

reply to each post with 100 words as if you are me and reply hello (person name)
no generic replies. Each reply should have seprate references 
post 1
Toni Hatcher posted Jun 9, 2024 10:51 PM
Good Evening,
The term ‘Sick Man of Europe’ aptly describes the state of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century, as it struggled with internal decay and external pressures from an increasingly aggressive Europe.1 It reflected the Ottoman’s perceived decline in power and influence compared to the rapidly industrializing and modernizing European powers. This moniker is warranted due to several key factors. By the 19th century, the Ottoman military had fallen behind the European powers in terms of technology, organization, and effectiveness. Notable defeats, such as the loss in the Crimean War despite allied assistance, highlighted this decline. Additionally, the Empire’s inability to effectively manage its diverse and vast territories further weakened its military stance. Economically, the Ottoman Empire lagged behind Europe’s industrial advancements, relying heavily on traditional agriculture, and missing the industrial revolution that transformed Western economies. Financial mismanagement and debt were significant issues, with the Ottoman government borrowing extensively from European banks, leading to economic dependency and financial crises. 
Administratively and politically, the central government faced significant challenges in maintaining control over its diverse and distant provinces. Corruption and inefficiency within the bureaucracy further weakened administrative cohesion. Nationalist movements within the empire, driven by various ethnic and religious groups seeking independence or greater autonomy, destabilized the internal political structure. Socially and technologically, the Ottoman Empire was slower to adopt advancements seen in Europe, including developments in education, transportation, and communication.
European interference played a crucial role in the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, as economic exploitation and political manipulation by European powers weakened the empire’s sovereignty and stability.2 European powers capitalized on the Ottoman Empire’s financial difficulties by offering loans and demanding concessions in return, such as control over certain revenues and trade monopolies. The establishment of “capitulations,” agreements granting European citizens significant extraterritorial rights within the empire, undermined Ottoman sovereignty and economic independence.3 Politically, European powers often intervened in Ottoman internal affairs, influencing the appointment of government officials, and pressuring the empire to enact reforms aligned with European interests. Military and strategic manipulation further entrenched European influence, as seen during the Crimean War, where the empire became a pawn in larger European conflicts. Culturally and ideologically, European ideas of nationalism, liberalism, and modernity penetrated Ottoman society, often clashing with traditional Ottoman values and governance structures, leading to internal conflicts and demands for reform that the Ottoman government struggled to manage.
Toni
1 Alan Palmer. The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, (New York: Barnes and Noble Publishing, 1994).
2 David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2010).
3 David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2010).
Post 2
Timothy Harshfield posted Jun 13, 2024 1:56 AM
The nickname “the Sick Man of Europe” is attributed to Tsar Nicholas I and is based on his desire to destroy the Ottoman Empire and replace it with an Orthodox Christian kingdom.[1]  This term suggests a status of decline which lasted centuries, and whether the Ottoman Empire deserves the nickname is a complex question.  Ultimately, I believe the Ottoman Empire earned the moniker “the Sick Man of Europe” due to a combination of profound internal challenges and the struggle was exacerbated by increasing European involvement which further exposed and deepened vulnerabilities.
A string of military failures, including the fall of Hungary after the Ottomans held the area for over a century, depleted the treasury and led the Ottoman Army to force Mehmed IV to abdicate the sultanate in the late 17th century.[2]  Following the mutiny against Mehmed IV, Suleiman II served only four years as sultan, and his successor Amhed II only served four years as well.  When compared to the long reigns of previous sultans who oversaw the greatest periods of growth and prosperity, it is easy to see the ineffective, weak, and short reigns of these sultans as a a symptom of the illness plaguing “the Sick Man of Europe.”
Over the next few decades and centuries, the decline of the Ottoman Empire reached beyond the leadership and the military into the lower classes.  The American and French Revolutions at the end of the 18th century saw a rise in nationalism around the world, and similarly within the Ottoman Empire subject peoples “began to demand autonomy or independence.”[3]  The demands from groups such as Serbs, Greeks, and Armenians further weakened the empire’s cohesion and control over its territories.  Subjects of the empire no longer saw their government as invincible because the decline had already taken its toll and the Ottomans could no longer be considered on an equal footing with the military and economic strength of Europe.  “Hastily-conceived measures” such as various taxes were short-term plans to meet immediate needs, but resulted in an economy that lagged behind European counterparts which took advantage of the New World and were transforming in the midst of the Industrial Revolution.[4]  The Ottoman economy, by contrast, remained agrarian and failed to industrialize comparatively.
Ottoman status as weakening was exacerbated by the increasing European involvement, which took various forms, from diplomatic and military interventions to economic exploitation and political influence.  The most prominent example of this intervention was Europe’s concern over what became known as “the Eastern Question,” or the “status of non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire,” specifically in areas of religious importance such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the Church of the Holy Nativity in Bethlehem.[5]  This concern among Christian powers kept the Ottoman Empire in the conversation, but mostly as a battleground for the Christian powers of Europe and Russia who consistently sought a chance to establish themselves as the preeminent world power.
The nickname “the Sick Man of Europe” is a fitting description of the Ottoman Empire during the years of its decline.  The empire’s internal weaknesses, including political inefficacy, economic stagnation, and social fragmentation, were compounded by increasing European involvement.  This involvement not only exposed and exacerbated the empire’s vulnerabilities but also symbolized its declining status on the growing world stage and dependence on external powers.  Thus, while the term may be pejorative, it accurately reflects the decline of the once-mighty Ottoman Empire in the face of mounting internal and external challenges.  A decline which began with the imperial leader, but eventually was felt by all classes and levels of Ottoman society.
– Tim
[1] Marc David Baer, The Ottomans: Khans, Caesars, and Caliphs (New York: Basic Books, 2021), 351.
[2] Caroline Finkel, Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923 (New York, New York: Basic Books, 2007), 291-6.
[3] Baer, The Ottomans, 328.
[4] Finkel, Osman’s Dream, 309.
[5] Finkel, Osman’s Dream, 323.

Hi, I need to get this research paper done for my grade 11 history final project. I will provide the outline and the topic. 
Topic – Expo 67 – Canada’s 100th anniversary a landmark in Canadian history
Also please use 6 sources and one of which has to be a primary source and the other ones can be secondary sources. 
Outline: 
Essay – 5-8 pages; MLA format (12 point font, double-spaced, title, page numbers, etc…)
An informative essay based on your research (from your list of sources)
Your introduction will contain your thesis (main idea) which you will then prove in your body paragraphs.
Your thesis can be quite simple; the important thing is to show, through your research, that it is true.
Consider using a historical thinking concept as a starting point:
Establishing historical significance.
Using primary-source evidence.
Identifying continuity and change.
Analyzing cause and consequence.
Taking a historical perspective.
Considering the ethical dimensions of history.
Content /6, Organization /2, Spelling/Grammar /2

The primary writing assignment for this course is a 6-8 page research paper, on a topic of your choice and with my approval. (One page = 250 words, so 6-8 pages = 1500-2000 words, not including header, footnotes & works cited.) Here is the prompt:
Primary source research paper. You will either pick or be assigned a primary source related to the topic of waste and wartime and derive a research question from it, preferably a “how,” “why” or “how is it that” question. Your paper will be your answer to that question. In order to answer that question effectively, you will need to incorporate your own reading of the primary source, possibly readings of additional primary sources, and most definitely, readings of secondary sources that address your question.
Deadlines: The final draft will be due as an on-line submission on Turnitin.com before 11:59pm on Thursday, June 20.
Format: All of the following formatting and style elements are required:
1. Word-processed text: Double-spaced, 12-point font.
2. Course information: Your name, course title, professor’s name, date in the upper-left corner.
3. Paper title: Title centered on the page above your written text.
4. Page numbers: Place sequential page numbers in the upper right-hand corner in a header.
5. Grammar and spelling: Writing mechanics, including italics for book titles, capitalization, and punctuation, need to be correct and generally free of errors.
6. Use of evidence: Not only do you have to sound convincing, you need to cite specific references from the reading material (quotes, passages, paraphrases).
7. Correct page citations: Specific references to the reading need to be cited. Turabian footnotes will be the style accepted in this course. Refer to the Turabian style guide at the top of the LearnUs page.
8. AI Acknowledgments: In the first footnote include a statement recognizing what AI assistance you used for this project, including machine translation, transcriptions of texts, summaries, idea generation, grammar checking and proofreading. Use the following template:
“I made use of [AI system/tool] to assist with the drafting of this paper. [AI version details] was accessed/obtained from [source details]. I used AI in the following way…”
As has been made clear in class, because all of your papers are based on primary sources that have not previously been written about and are often in languages that you don’t speak, I have allowed you to use AI assistance. At the same time, if you used AI to generate text within the manuscript, you should include a full description of the process used in the acknowledgments and make sure to include appropriate and valid references and citations. This is particularly important in the evaluation of the paper in case Turnitin flags text as being AI-generated (it can produce false positives). Similarly, if you used AI to analyze or extract insights from data or other materials, for example through the use of text and data mining, describe the process used in your acknowledgments footnote. You must not present ideas, words, data, or other material produced by third parties without appropriate acknowledgement or permission. Any secondary sources that are AI hallucinations will result in a zero for the EVIDENCE rubric and a failing grade for the paper.
For each footnote, I would like you to take a screenshot of the source (either the paragraph or the page) and add it as an image at the end of the Word file of your final paper. Part of the “EVIDENCE” grade will be based on my comparison of your source with how you’ve used it. Papers that do not include this won’t be accepted until the screenshots are added.
You must use Turabian styled footnotes for the research paper. Plus, this is the base primary source tht I’ve used for my research paper.
https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/32051/waste-not-want-not–we-want-what-you-want-not-scrap-iron-w
The class is called ” WWI Global Perspectives” It must be written in a high standard, with many resources included please. 
Plus, The “Why” Question I’m answering for my paper is “Why was this salvage poster created by a Private Company (Westbourne Park Coal&Iron), not the government?”