Category: Forensic science

In lesson 5, we discussed contemporary reform efforts which may address various areas including law, policing, the court, and/or sanctions. You’ve had a chance to review some examples of reform efforts, and in this assignment, you will explore one contemporary reform that is related to the crime type you have selected to focus on in this course.
Instructions
In this assignment, you will first conduct a library search to identify one scholarly source discussing a contemporary reform effort related to your selected crime type. Then you will complete a table, found in the resources for lesson 5, which will:
Identify at least one contemporary reform of law, policing, the court process, and/or sanctions that are relevant to the crime type you have selected to focus on in this course.
Describe how the reform effort has changed law, policy, and/or practice.
Identify any ways in which the theory you have selected to focus on in this course aligns with the contemporary reform.
Identify any ways in which the theory you have selected to focus on in this course does not align with the contemporary reform.
Provide your educated opinion of the possible impact the contemporary reform may have on victims, which may include psychological (e.g., trauma), social (e.g., impaired relationships), and/or behavioral (e.g., avoidance). TIP: You may want to review your lesson 3 assignment to guide your opinion.
Provide your educated opinion of the possible impact the contemporary reform may have on offenders, which may include psychological (e.g., suicide), social (e.g., employment), or behavioral (e.g., recidivism) outcomes.
TIP: You may find it helpful to review your lesson 4 assignment to guide your opinion.
Length: One completed table
References: Include a minimum of 1 scholarly reference
The completed assignment should address all assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations and current APA standards, and adhere to the Northcentral University’s Academic Integrity Policy.
Resources to Use:
Mental Health Courts: Expanding the Model in an era of Criminal Justice Reform
Black, C. (2020). Mental health courts: Expanding the model in an era of criminal justice reform. Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 63, 299 – 323.
Black (2020) discusses one criminal justice reform – mental health courts. They also suggest ways in which this reform can be improved upon to lead to better outcomes.
Indictments, Grand Juries, and Criminal Justice Reform
Rosenberg, B. E. (2020). Indictments, grand juries, and criminal justice reform. American Journal of Criminal Law, 48(1), 81–135.
Rosenberg (2020) discusses another area in which reform may be implemented. They suggest the ways in which indictments and grand juries may be better used to lead to improved criminal justice outcomes.
Drug Decriminalization, Addiction, and Mass Incarceration: A Theories of Punishment fFamework forEending the “War on Drugs.” 
Drug decriminalization, addiction, and mass incarceration: A theories of punishment framework for ending the “War on Drugs.” Northern Kentucky Law Review, 48(2), 267–308. 
Scott (2021) discusses a theoretically-driven approach to reforms that address the criminalization of substance use (i.e., considering substance use a crime). They suggest that reform must move beyond simple decriminalization to more effectively reduce mass incarceration and substance use disorders.

I don’t know if anyone can do this it is 8 side powepoint assignme t on crime scene investigation procedures.

Gideon’s Trumpet, which is based upon the actual case of Gideon v Wainwright. It is on
YouTube and it is in several segments. Please watch the entire movie. This is a
terrific dramatization of the development of case law.
Please prepare a written analysis of the
case, either through the movie or read the case itself. As you know it is about
the right to counsel.
1.     What was the issue before the Judge in trial?
2.    
What was his answer?
3.    
Why could or when could Florida’s courts
assign counsel?
4.     Why was federalism an issue in this case?
Please pay special attention to the
recreation of the case at the USSC and please review the analysis by the
Justices. One of the first comments from a Justice, played by the actor, Sam
Jaffe, was about whether or not a person could represent himself as well as a
lawyer could. The attorney for Gideon responds in an interesting way. He
asserts that the court is correct, and that a person cannot get a fair trial
without a lawyer.
5.    
Do you agree?
6.    
Is there a difference between quality of
presentation, the presence of a lawyer and the lack of due process?
7.    
Please explain the appellate process and
how this case went from a small crime to a significant Supreme Court Decision.
8.    
In looking at the second trial, what if
anything did you see admitted into evidence that was omitted in the first
trial?
9.    
Which was correct in your opinion? Please
explain.

You will create this assignment following the Assignment Detail instructions below.
Review the tutorial How to Submit an Individual Project.
Assignment Details
As recent events have shown, the rapid pace of technology development has created complicated legal questions that are being litigated before the courts today. Select one of the following topics to analyze, and prepare a three to five page paper addressing the following issues.
DNA from Arrestees
One of the most controversial of technological advances is the relationship between DNA, probable cause, and issues of privacy and the Fourth Amendment. You are provided with two research documents below that analyze the case of Maryland v. King, 569 U.S. 435 (2013), in which the U.S. Supreme Court held that it is constitutional to extract DNA from arrestees. The author of the first article provides an overview of the legal issues associated with compulsory DNA collection from arrestees and argues that the U.S. Supreme Court correctly decided the Maryland v. King case.
The author of the second article raises several concerns about the Maryland v. King opinion and the future of privacy and the Fourth Amendment. Read both documents, and then write an argumentative essay explaining your position on the issue of DNA extraction from arrestees.
Complete the following for this assignment:
Read the following 2 research documents:
Deitrich, L. (2015). Say Aah! Maryland v. King Defines Reasonable Standard for DNA Searches. 49 Val. U.L. Rev. 1095.
Click here to access the article.
Noronha, S. (2014). Maryland v. King: Sacrificing the Fourth Amendment to Build up the DNA Database. 73 Md. L. Rev. 667 (2014)
Click here to access the article.
Summarize the key legal and privacy concerns discussed by Deitrich.
Summarize the key legal and privacy concerns discussed by Noronha.
Write an argumentative essay supporting your position relating to those issues raised by Deitrich and Noronha. Indicate the following: 
Whether you agree with both authors or one author over the other, and why;
Whether you disagree with one or both authors, and why;
Discuss your own ideas on DNA extraction from arrestees;
Explain your position in detail.
For background and additional insight into the Maryland v. King case,
Click here to listen to the oral arguments. 
Click here to read the Maryland v. King case. 
ShotSpotter Technology
Another controversial technological advancement has been police departments’ adoption of ShotSpotter technology across the county. ShotSpotter is a sophisticated surveillance system that detects gunshots and pinpoints the location of the gunshots. Once the system’s microphones detect sounds of gunfire, it sends the audio file to the ShotSpotter Review Center where it will be determined whether the sound was indeed gunfire. If it is determined that the sound is gunfire, ShotSpotter notifies the local police department.
In favor of the use of ShotSpotter, you are provided with a case, United States v. Rickmon, and the oral arguments, in which the majority of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals held that a ShotSpotter alert could be used to create reasonable suspicion. There also is a dissenting judge in the Rickmon case. You also are provided with an interview with the president of the company that devised ShotSpotter.
Concerns also have been raised about the use of ShotSpotter technology. To support this position, you are provided with an article that questions the use of ShotSpotter and its effectiveness, and Chief Judge Wood’s dissenting opinion in the United States v. Rickmon case. In the article, Mr. Goodman also questions the United States v. Rickmon opinion and raises several concerns about the ShotSpotter technology.
Read these documents and listen to the oral arguments, and then write an argumentative essay explaining your position on the issue of whether ShotSpotter technology is an effective tool that law enforcement should use and whether it should be used to create reasonable suspicion for an investigatory stop, also known as a Terry stop.
Complete the following for this assignment:
Read the following documents and listen to the oral arguments.
Pro ShotSpotter
United States v. Rickmon, 952 F. 3d 876 (7th Cir. 2020).
Click here to access the case. 
United States v. Rickmon Oral Arguments.
Click here to listen to the oral arguments
Williams, C. (2017, May 10). ) How ShotSpotter locates gunfire, helps police catch shooters and works to ‘deformalize’ gun violence. Weblog post. Washington Post – Blogs , Washington: WP Company LLC d/b/a The Washington Post. 
Click here to access the article.
Questions ShotSpotter
Goodman, B. (2021). ShotSpotter – The New Tool to Degrade What is Left of the Fourth Amendment, 54 UIC L. Rev. 797.
Click here to access the article. 
United States v. Rickmon, 952 F. 3d 876 (7th Cir. 2020) (dissenting opinion)
Click here to access the dissenting opinion in the Rickmon case. (Only list the dissenting opinion here, if possible). 
Summarize the key legal points of the Rickmon case and the benefits of ShotSpotter technology.
Summarize the key legal and privacy concerns discussed by the Goodman article and Chief Judge Wood’s dissenting opinion in the Rickmon case.
Write an argumentative essay supporting your position relating to those issues raised by the United States v. Rickmon case and the Goodman article. Indicate
Whether you agree with the majority opinion or the dissenting opinion in the Rickmon case,
Whether you agree or disagree with the Goodman article.
Discuss your own ideas about ShotSpotter technology, how it should be used by police departments, and any constitutional concerns that you may have.
Explain your position in detail.
For additional background and insight into the ShotSpotter technology and constitutional issues, see
Gecas, A.S. (2016). GUNFIRE GAME CHANGER OR BIG BROTHER’S HIDDEN EARS?: FOURTH AMENDMENT AND ADMISSIBILITY QUANDARIES RELATING TO SHOTSPOTTER TECHNOLOGY. 2016 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1073.
Click here to access the article.
Be sure to cite all references in APA format.
Please submit your assignment.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.
The following grading rubric will be used for this assignment: Grading Rubric.
Assignment Reminders:
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Create a newsletter article for service providers (teachers, health care workers, social workers, foster care workers, educators) on the developmental cascade of risk and protective factors. You will:
Briefly summarize the concept of risk factors and protective factors
Describe at least five prominent, commonly found risk factors
Describe at least five protective factors
Suggest a program which service providers can  implement to offer protective factors to preschool or school age children.
Be sure to utilize at least five scholarly research articles published within the last 7 years to support your newsletter information. As this is a newsletter article, you may use special fonts or pictures, as well as a more informal tone, to make the article engaging.

Description
You recently accepted a position at a law firm that represents the local school district. The school district has asked your firm’s advice about one of its coach’s activities on the basketball court. Apparently, after the games, the coach walks to center court, looks up to the ceiling, and recites a prayer of thanks to God that the game was completed without anyone being seriously injured. Initially, the coach said the prayer on his own, but after some of the players realized what he was doing, they joined him at center court, as did some of the parents and even some of the opposing team members and coaches. The superintendent feels as if this is getting out of hand and would like to put a stop to it before they are sued by a parent who could be offended.
As it happens, the U.S. Supreme Court recently issued an opinion that squarely applies to this situation. Read Kennedy v. Bremerton School District, and review the following supplemental materials:
Rachel Laser Discusses Kennedy v. Bremerton School District (Against Prayer on the football field) ( https://youtu.be/wdjqwcWb6R4?si=aY1CtF0G5QBi5vam )
A Win for Liberty (In favor of Prayer on the football field) (https://mslegal.org/cases/kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district/ )
Answer the following questions in 2–4 pages:
Discuss the basic facts of the Bremerton case.
Discuss the U.S. Supreme Court’s holding and reasoning in the Bremerton case.
According to the Bremerton case, are the basketball coach’s actions constitutional or do they violate either the Establishment Clause or the Religion Clause of the First Amendment?
Does the Freedom of Speech Clause apply to the basketball coach’s case, and if so, does it help or hurt the basketball coach’s position?
If you were ruling in the Bremerton case (and were not bound by the doctrine of stare decisis), would you agree with the Justice Gorsuch’s opinion, either concurring opinion, or Justice Sotomayor’s opinion? Explain your response in detail.
APA Formatting of Possible References and In-text Citations
Because you are discussing the Kennedy v. Bremerton School District case, please make sure that you use the Bremerton case citation as one of your references and in-text citations, which are listed in bold below.
(All references are double-spaced, in alphabetical order, and include a hanging indent.)
References
Audotorg. (2022, June 28). Rachel Laser Discusses Kennedy v. Bremerton School District in Newsy Tonight with Chance Seales [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdjqwcWb6R4
Kennedy v. Bremerton School District, 597 U.S. ____ (2022). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/597/21-418/#tab-opinion-4601251
Mountain States Legal Foundation. (2022, June 28). SCOTUS Watch: Kennedy v. Bremerton School District [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1297IRqSFU&t=5s
In-text citations for above references:
(Audotorg, 2022).
(Kennedy v. Bremerton School District, 2022).
(Mountain States Legal Foundation, 2022).
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.

Description
In the discussion for this unit, you explored the documentary Child of Rage, with an emphasis on finding best practices and the importance of forensic protocols in structuring interviews. In this activity, your task is to find 5 examples of real-life cases reflecting interviews using poor forensic practice. In finding these examples, place an emphasis on cases involving children, adults, and the elderly. Supply a summary of the case, proper documentation of the location of the case, the specific errors in protocol, and what happened in the case. This review will be 3-4 pages.
The specific steps are as follows:
Conduct independent research finding 5 examples of real-life cases reflecting interviews using poor forensic practice.
Of the 5 examples, at least 1 must include a case involving a child, 1 involving an adult, and 1 involving an elderly individual.
Write a report including the following sections:
Introduction to the report
Overview of the importance of proper interviewing protocol
2 paragraphs documenting each example of a real-life case
1 paragraph conclusion
Include no fewer than 6 scholarly resources.
Ensure the report is at least 3-4 pages long.
Please submit your assignment.

This week, you are studying substantive due process and the rights that are recognized as “liberty” interests under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment. In 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court held in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization that abortion is no longer recognized as a “liberty” interest under the U.S. Constitution. The Dobbs decision overruled the earlier cases of Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania and Roe v. Wade, both of which recognized abortion as a liberty interest under the Constitution. For this discussion, read the Dobbs case and view the following supplemental material:
Guide to the Dobbs, Casey, and Roe cases ( https://resources.careered.com/LCMSFileSharePreview/Resources/AdobePDF/Unit%204%20Timeline%20of%20Abortion%20Cases.pdf )
Watch the following videos that discuss the issues in the Dobbs case:
SCOTUS Overturns Roe v. Wade ( https://constitutioncenter.org/news-debate/americas-town-hall-programs/scotus-overturns-roe-v-wade-in-dobbs-abortion-case-msnbcs-ali-velshi-and-jeffrey-rosen )
Dobbs v. Jackson ( https://youtu.be/_knXpoGfWdo?feature=shared )
After reading the Dobbs case and the supplemental guide and videos about the Dobbs case, respond to the following questions:
Discuss the basic facts of the Dobbs case.
Identify and explain the Court’s holding and reasoning of the majority opinion.
Analyze whether you believe the Dobbs case was correctly decided and discuss which of the opinions in the Dobbs case (majority, concurring, dissenting) is correct in your personal opinion and why. Be sure to frame your analysis using the legal tests that the Court used to analyze whether a right to an abortion is a recognized liberty interest under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution.
Discuss how the majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions differed in how they applied the doctrine of stare decisis in the Dobbs case and which one is correct in your opinion.
Lastly, after the Dobbs decision, a woman’s right to an abortion likely will derive from a state or federal statute rather than the Constitution. If you had the opportunity to provide input into this statute concerning abortion, what provision(s) would you like to see in your state’s statute regarding a woman’s right to an abortion? For instance, if you are pro-choice, would you impose any restrictions on abortions?
Conversely, if you take a pro-life position, would you provide any exceptions to allow abortions?
Be sure to properly cite all sources.

Assignment Details
In learning new skills, a helpful strategy is finding examples of poor and best practices. In this lesson, you reviewed the latest research on conducting forensic interviews of children and examined the latest National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Interview Protocol. Before participating this discussion, watch the documentary Child of Rage on youtube, and then engage in a conversation on the development of NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2180422/ )
Having watched the documentary, identify three different specific points in the documentary where you might have done something different? Please indicate the specific time point within the video, so others are able to view the segment and discuss your assessment.

Use a table and prepare a side-by-side comparison between a government white collar crime forensic investigator or forensic accountant and a private sector white collar crime forensic investigator or forensic accountant.
What are their job qualifications? 
Who do they work for? 
What are their salaries? 
Do they have law enforcement authority? Can they search without a warrant? With a warrant? 
Use these and other criteria to compare and contrast public and private sector forensic investigators and forensic accountants. 
Then, in a narrative that is separate from the table,discuss whether you would prefer working in the public sector or private sector and why.