Category: Economics

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read chapter 11 in the course text and Alejandro Chafuen’s article, Moralists and Money: From Gold to BitcoinLinks to an external site., and respond to the following components:
Define money and describe its functions.
Is money a root of all evil? Why or why not?
How are paper money (fiat) and commodity money different? How can paper money be validly used as money?
Are credit cards money? Why or why not?
Are cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereun, Ripple, Litecoin, Monero, money? Why or why not? Discuss thoroughly.
Your initial post should be a minimum of 300 words.
Article  https://www.forbes.com/sites/alejandrochafuen/2018/08/22/moralists-and-money-from-gold-to-bitcoin/#d12983d16afc
Chapt 11 attached

“Monopoly Game”
, the government versus technology companies (Facebook, Apple, Amazon
and Google), write 5-7 pages using the microeconomic concepts that you learned in this course to critically analyze the following

Read the following responses which are based upon this discussion question ”
Discussion Question: Do Market-Oriented Environmental Tools Have an Impact on Firm Decisions?
Do some research to see what type of market-oriented environmental tools are currently being utilized for either federal, state, or local governments.  Then, explain the tool being utilized and if it has had an impact on a firm’s behavior.   ”
Reflect and substantively comment on each of the posts. Support your statements with evidence from the required studies, other research, and experiences. (3 sources for each response ) (2 responses total) (1 response each post)
Discussion Post 1 to respond to: (writers name: Jason Trucks)
“Market-oriented environmental tools are policies that create incentives for firms to reduce their pollution output.  There are three main categories for these tools: pollution charge, marketable permit program and property rights. Every firm has a different situation, some firms may find the marginal cost of using one of the tools listed above more profitable than using another tool. For instance, here in Texas they have Tax Code Section 11.31 Pollution Control Property. This code states that if you can prove your facility has a method for the reduction or methods of control of air, water or land pollution then the firm may be entitled to a tax exemption. This is an example of the market-oriented environmental tool pollution charge which gives a profit-maximizing firm the motivation to reduce pollution emissions. The state of Texas also uses permit program, but it appears that program has been unsuccessful. An organization named Grist reported that companies in Texas have released some 1.1 billion pounds of air, water or land pollution OVER their permit limits since 2002 that is the equivalent of companies going over their permits by fifty-five million pounds a year. With that being the case, I believe Texas needs to work on their market oriented environmental tools to give companies the incentives to do better in the environmental area.
“13.4: Market-Oriented Environmental Tools.” Business LibreTexts, 1 July 2020, biz.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Book%3A_Microeconomics_(Lumen)/13%3A_Module_11-_Public_Goods_and_Externalities/13.04%3A_Market-Oriented_Environmental_Tools. Accessed 17 June 2024.
Grist, Naveena Sadasivam, Clayton Aldern, Jessie Blaeser and Chad Small. “A Billion-Pound Problem: How Unchecked “Excess Emissions” Ballooned in Texas.” The Texas Tribune, 7 June 2023, www.texastribune.org/2023/06/07/texas-pollution-excess-emissions-tceq/.
Legislature, Tex. “Tex. Tax Code § 11.31 – Pollution Control Prop.” Texas.public.law, texas.public.law/statutes/tex._tax_code_section_11.31. Accessed 17 June 2024.
“Tax Relief for Pollution Control Property.” Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/taxrelief.
“What Are Market-Oriented Environmental Tools? (Article).” Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/microeconomics/market-failure-and-the-role-of-government/environmental-regulation/a/market-oriented-environmental-tools-cnx.”
Discussion post 2: (writers name: Kamonte Westbrook)
“Market-oriented environmental tools have a significant impact on firm’s decisions. The three main tools of market-oriented policies are pollution charges, marketable permits, and better-defined property rights (“Khan”, n.d.). The advantage of these tools are they can achieve any desired reduction at a lower cost of society compared to command-and-control regulation. First, a pollution charge is a tax imposed on the quantity of pollution that a firm emits; also known as pollution tax (“Lrnr”, n.d.). The purpose of this charge is to give a profit-maximizing firm an incentive to figure out ways to reduce emissions. A number of environmental policies are actually pollution charges. For example, the government and many state governments impose taxes on gasoline (Lynham, n.d.). Next, are marketable permits which is a program in which a city or state government issues permits allowing only a certain quantity of pollution (“Khan”, n.d.). The purpose marketable permits serve are to basically allow flexibility in pollution reduction efforts for firms. Lastly, the better-defined property rights which is defined as the legal rights of ownership on which others are not allowed to infringe without paying compensation (Lynham, n.d.). The policy of this tool is to serve as an effective environmental protection tool. All-in-all, these tools work together to achieve the same goal of desired reduction of pollution which therefore contributes to overall environmental quality.
References:
Lynham, J., & OpenStax. (n.d.). 12.3 market-oriented environmental tools. Principles of Microeconomics Hawaii Edition. https://pressbooks.oer.hawaii.edu/principlesofmicroeconomics/chapter/12-3-market-oriented-environmental-tools/ 
Unknown. (n.d.). Lrnr. https://web.lrnr.us/ 
Unknown. (n.d.-b). What are market-oriented environmental tools? (article). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/microeconomics/market-failure-and-the-role-of-government/environmental-regulation/a/market-oriented-environmental-tools-cnx” 

The thesis outline is enclosed.
Firstly it should begin with elaborating the Prices of Petroleum products are liquid and what impacts they have.
Secondly it should have a literarture review of previous researched done on similar topic that is Socio Economic effects of Petroleum prices, references to the previous researches and there outcome should be incoporated.
Thirdly, the enclosed outline/draft includes certain sectors of economy. It needs to be define why certain sectors are picked for this research paper and what impact does petroleum prices have on them and what methods are used to assess impacts of petroleum prices on these sectors. In short Method of picking the sectors and why they have been picked. Feel free to add to or remove any sectors from the outline/ draft enclosed. 
Lastly should finish with conclusion and suggestions/solutions.

*** NO AI ACCEPTED***
Please look at attached files for the entire assignment
Instructions
Chapter 12
With appropriate examples, define short run and long run.
One of the fundamental assumptions of perfect competition is free entry and exit of firms. With an example, explain how this assumption leads to all firms under perfect competition making normal profit in the long run. You can receive 2 bonus points for correct graphical analysis.
Chapter 13
The graph shows monopoly profit maximization. There are 6 points with a “?”. Label these points. (Hint: You can either copy/paste this graph or draw a similar graph on a MS Word file).

Adam Smith, a very influential eighteenth-century political economist, wrote, “By pursuing his own interest, he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it” (cited in Stiglitz & Rosengard, 2015, p. 62). Considering the quotation, in 1,250-1,500 words, address the following questions.
Describe what Smith meant by the “invisible hand.” How exactly does it function?
Describe how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism, which dominated the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As a point of departure, define mercantilism.
Discuss if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith. How did, for instance, Karl Marx view the doctrine of laissez-faire? What were the inevitable consequences of such an economic system?
Discuss the influences of Smith and his critics, like Marx, reflected in the mixed economy of the United States today.
Use three to five scholarly resources to support your explanations.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Rubric
Describe what Smith meant by the “invisible hand.” How exactly does it function?
5. Target
26 points
Description of what Smith meant by the “invisible hand” is clear, concise, and includes a scholarly description of how the “invisible hand” functions.
4. Acceptable
22.62 points
Description of what Smith meant by the “invisible hand” is present, clear, and includes a description of how the “invisible hand” functions.
3. Approaching
20.54 points
Description of what Smith meant by the “invisible hand” is present and includes a description of how the “invisible hand” functions.
2. Insufficient
19.24 points
Description of what Smith meant by the “invisible hand” is vague and inconsistent.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Description of what Smith meant by the “invisible hand” is missing.
Reaction to Mercantilism
19.5 points
Criteria Description
Describe how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism. As a point of departure, define mercantilism.
5. Target
19.5 points
Description of how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism is clear, concise, and includes a scholarly definition of mercantilism.
4. Acceptable
16.97 points
Description of how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism is present, clear, and includes a definition of mercantilism.
3. Approaching
15.41 points
Description of how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism is present and includes a definition of mercantilism.
2. Insufficient
14.43 points
Description of how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism is vague and inconsistent.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Description of how Smith’s work is a reaction to mercantilism is missing.
Doctrine of Laissez-Faire
19.5 points
Criteria Description
Discuss if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith. How did, for instance, Karl Marx view the doctrine of laissez-faire? What were the inevitable consequences of such an economic system?
5. Target
19.5 points
Discussion of if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith is clear and concise. Scholarly discussion includes Marx’s view of the laissez-faire doctrine and the consequences of such an economic system.
4. Acceptable
16.97 points
Discussion of if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith is present and clear. Discussion includes Marx’s view of the laissez-faire doctrine and the consequences of such an economic system.
3. Approaching
15.41 points
Discussion of if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith is present and discussion includes Marx’s view of the laissez-faire doctrine and the consequences of such an economic system.
2. Insufficient
14.43 points
Discussion of if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith is vague and inconsistent.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion of if all 19th-century thinkers agree with Smith is missing.
Mixed Economy
26 points
Criteria Description
Discuss the influences of Smith and his critics, like Marx, reflected in the mixed economy of the U.S. today.
5. Target
26 points
Discussion of the influences of Smith and his critics are reflected in the mixed economy of the U.S. today is clear, concise, and connections to current research.
4. Acceptable
22.62 points
Discussion of the influences of Smith and his critics are reflected in the mixed economy of the U.S. today is present and clear.
3. Approaching
20.54 points
Discussion of the influences of Smith and his critics are reflected in the mixed economy of the U.S. today is present.
2. Insufficient
19.24 points
Discussion of the influences of Smith and his critics are reflected in the mixed economy of the U.S. today is vague and inconsistent.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion of the influences of Smith and his critics are reflected in the mixed economy of the U.S. today is missing.
Thesis, Position, or Purpose
9.1 points
Criteria Description
Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.
5. Target
9.1 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is persuasively developed throughout and skillfully directed to a specific audience.
4. Acceptable
7.92 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.
3. Approaching
7.19 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is adequately developed. An awareness of the appropriate audience is demonstrated.
2. Insufficient
6.73 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is discernable in most aspects but is occasionally weak or unclear. There is limited awareness of the appropriate audience.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is not discernible. No awareness of the appropriate audience is evident.
Development, Structure, and Conclusion
10.4 points
Criteria Description
Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.
5. Target
10.4 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is coherently and cohesively advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A convincing and unambiguous conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.
4. Acceptable
9.05 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is logically advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A clear and plausible conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.
3. Approaching
8.22 points
The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.
2. Insufficient
7.7 points
Limited advancement of thesis, position, or purpose is discernable. There are inconsistencies in organization or the relationship of ideas. Conclusion is simplistic and not fully aligned to the development of the purpose.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
No advancement of the thesis, position, or purpose is evident. Connections between paragraphs are missing or inappropriate. No conclusion is offered.
Evidence
6.5 points
Criteria Description
Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.
5. Target
6.5 points
Comprehensive and compelling evidence is included. Multiple other perspectives are integrated effectively.
4. Acceptable
5.66 points
Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Other perspectives are integrated.
3. Approaching
5.14 points
Relevant evidence that includes other perspectives is used.
2. Insufficient
4.81 points
Evidence is used but is insufficient or of limited relevance. Simplistic explanation or integration of other perspectives is present.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Evidence to support the thesis, position, or purpose is absent. The writing relies entirely on the perspective of the writer.
Mechanics of Writing
6.5 points
Criteria Description
Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.
5. Target
6.5 points
No mechanical errors are present. Skilled control of language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.
4. Acceptable
5.66 points
Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.
3. Approaching
5.14 points
Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.
2. Insufficient
4.81 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout.
Format/Documentation
6.5 points
Criteria Description
Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.
5. Target
6.5 points
No errors in formatting or documentation are present. Selectivity in the use of direct quotations and synthesis of sources is demonstrated.
4. Acceptable
5.66 points
Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.
3. Approaching
5.14 points
Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.
2. Insufficient
4.81 points
Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.
1. Unsatisfactory
0 points
Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided.

Instructions and rubric are attached. 
No plagarising. Similarity report must be generated through turnitin and cannot be more than 25%. 

I would like to have an essay consist of five paragraph. three main topics with intro and conclusion.
1-Power point slides on basic economic concepts (slides 1-15) par 1
2. Power point slides on optimization techniques (slides 1-24)par 2
3. Power point slides on demand analysis (slides 1-30) (skip slides 16-20,23) par 3
I would like to have three par. one for basic economici one for demand analysis and third one for optimization you can find those topics from PowerPoints that I send them. intro and conclusion is required too.

How does the understanding and application of probability theory contribute to the effectiveness of business analytics? How can businesses leverage the concepts of probability, including conditional probability and Bayes’ theorem, along with common probability distributions, to effectively measure and manage uncertainty in decision-making processes? Discuss the importance of understanding outcomes, events, and related probabilities, as well as the calculation of expected values, variances, and standard deviations of random variables, in enhancing strategic planning, risk assessment, and operational optimization within various business situations.  Provide examples of how businesses utilize probabilistic approaches and statistical inference techniques to optimize strategies, forecast future trends, and enhance decision-making processes.
Grading Criteria – Refer to the Discussion Forums Grading Rubric Download Discussion Forums Grading Rubric
For full credit on the discussion forums, students must:
make a substantial initial post (500 words minimum) responding to the discussion prompt questions while citing at least two credible sources 
APA 7th Edition format is required for initial discussion posts.
Your two references should be one scholarly and one supportive that further substantiate the significance of your comments.  The scholarly reference should be drawn from reputable academic journals or books, while the supportive reference can be sourced from industry reports, reputable news articles, or credible business publications. Then use those references to explain your thoughts and ideas.

Civil Rights Movement
The purpose of this assignment is to explore the means used by action groups as part of a social movement to impact policy. For this assignment, you will explore one of the interest groups involved in the civil rights movement (1942–1968). You will craft a 400-word (minimum) research paper that explores the movement, the interest group, and the tactics employed by the interest group to accomplish their goal(s).
The assignment must meet the following college writing expectation:
Writing should establish the purpose of the essay with a clear, sustained point of view.
Writing should follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling).
Writing should be well ordered, logical, and unified as well as original and insightful.
Writing should follow APA citation and reference style.Utilize the Assignment Resources for further direction if needed.
Research and review:
Use readings from class and/or from a library search to learn more about the 1942–1968 civil rights movement in the United States. Read and review enough material to get a sense of the culture and society at the time, the people involved, the goal of the movement, etc. Read enough to be able to address specific issues that led to the civil rights movement (e.g., segregation, violence against people of color, educational disparities, employment inequities, governmental response). Select the best sources to use in a summary of the civil rights movement and the specific issues of the day.
Choose your interest group:
Take the time to read about each of the following interest groups involved in the civil rights movement:
The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
After reading about each, select one interest group from the list to become the focus of your paper. Then search for more useful references to get clear insight on that interest group. Examine their specific goals in the civil rights movement and the strategies they employed to effect change (e.g., marches to gain visibility, sit-ins to protest treatment, speeches to rally support, literature to educate the public).
Reflect:
After reading about the civil rights movement in general and about the specific interest group involved in the movement, organize your thoughts and references to best discuss the history of the situation, the specifics of the interest group chosen, the specific strategies employed by the interest group (with examples), and your thoughts on the success (or lack thereof) of each strategy. In short, look at what the interest group did and ask yourself what worked and what did not work among their actions to meet their goals for the civil rights movement.