Category: Criminology

Your report will consist of an overview of the different methodological approaches along with a critical summary of THREE relevant journal articles each using one of these methodologies relevant to your discipline. You will therefore have FOUR main sections in the report.
Suggested structure below. Please use these subheadings in your report:
1. Research methods overview (1,500 words)
Here you will need to outline what we mean by QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, and MIXED-METHODS research. Define and compare the key terminology along with supporting references (Harvard format). Consider the strengths and limitations of each approach.
Think about: theoretical background, epistemology (positivism/interpretivism), ontology (objectivism/subjectivism), deduction/induction (hypothesis/theory development),the importance of conducting a literature review, positionality, ethics, reliability/validity, methods of data collection, methods of data analysis.
2. Critical summary of a journal article that used QUANTITATIVE methods (500 words)
Student to provide the citation for the article in the subtitle so this is clear and provide the full reference in the reference list.
3. Critical summary of a journal article that used QUALITATIVE methods (500 words)
Student to provide the citation for the article in the subtitle so this is clear and provide the full reference in the reference list.
4. Critical summary of a journal article that used MIXED-METHODS (500 words)
Student to provide the citation for the article in the subtitle so this is clear and provide the full reference in the reference list.
NOTE: For sections 2-4 you will need to critically summarise the aims, methods, key findings and key implications/recommendations.

Must Have Access to the Book: The Real World
An Introduction to Sociology
EIGHTH EDITION
Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein
Choose (1) chapter out of (16) chapters introduced in this course and discuss as instructed.
Your discussion MUST contain 10-15 sentences or more!!
I chose Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity as Lived Experience
Now that you have read/reviewed/explored ALL 16 Chapters presented in this course, let’s discuss what you discovered about Sociology. For this discussion board you will choose (1) chapter out of (16) chapters introduced in this course. You will then share/discuss why you choose this chapter, what you found interesting about this chapter, and how your interest in this chapter enhanced your ability to look at and think about our social world in a new way. You will share/discuss using your own words. As you discuss you may also, if you like, share how your chosen chapter has relevance to you personally. If you do find that you would like to include/share any personal relevance (prompt#5), keep your discussion relevant to your chosen chapter and share ONLY what you would be comfortable with. Noted prompt(s) below will help you begin your discussion. Creating your CBDA#3 Thread:
You MUST address prompts#1-4. Including/sharing prompt#5 in your post is OPTIONAL.
(1) Posted Thread to this discussion board assignment is ALL that is required.
Your Thread MUST contain 10-15 sentences or more.
As you write your post and address prompt(s) below, discuss using your Own Words along with the use of relevant, supportive and detailed example(s).
Refer to your chosen chapter as you discuss.. Prompt#1. Which chapter did you choose?
Prompt#2. What did you find most interesting about your chosen chapter? Prompt#3. How has your interest in this chapter enhanced your ability to look at and think about our social world in a new way?
Prompt#4. Before reading through this chapter, is this a topic/issue you would have associated with sociologists to be involved in and or concerned about? Why or why not? Prompt#5. Is there anything you would like to share/discuss regarding your personal experiences, interests, future occupation, background, culture, race, age, or gender or anything else, etc., that you believe may have influenced your interest in this chapter?

Topic. Select a topic involving a criminal justice profession (policing, corrections, or legal) 
and ethical misconducts that are prominent in the selected CJ profession.  Conduct a literature review on the topic.
CJ Profession and Ethical Breaches. Discuss the nature of the selected CJ profession and the prominent ethical issues within that CJ profession.  (For example, if you selected policing, literature review must focus on the nature of policing and the ethical issues within policing; if you selected corrections, literature review must be on the nature of corrections and the ethical issues within corrections; etc.)
Ways to Stop the Ethical Breaches and the Connections to the Ethical Theories.
Report on the various ways and methods tried and implemented to curb or stop the ethical breaches and their successes and failures. (For example, identify the efforts and methods tried and implemented by agencies, legislature, community organizations, etc., to eliminate the ethical breaches within the selected CJ profession and their outcome.)
Identify and thoroughly analyze the ethical theory or theories underlying the efforts or methods tried and implemented to eliminate the ethical breaches within the selected CJ profession. Also, define and explain the ethical theories.  For example, if discussing a code of ethics, provide a comprehensive explanation of the ethical theory (utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, ethics of care, etc.) reflected in the code of ethics and explore how that ethical theory is tied to the code of ethics.
Discuss your recommendation(s) on what other method or methods to implement to stop the ethical breaches and the ethical theory connected to your recommendation.
Number of References. The research paper must include a reference list with at least 12 references from reputable sources. At least 10 must be peer-reviewed and published within the past 5 years.  Another 2 sources can be current news articles, statistical reports, or information from official websites, published within the past 2 years.
Format. Your paper and references should follow the guidelines of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), including but not limited to, double-spaced, 1-inch margin on all sides, in a 12-point font in Calibri, Arial, or Times New Roman, and with cover page, headers, and page numbers (See APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) – Purdue OWL® – Purdue UniversityLinks to an external site. )
Word Count. The word count for the entire paper, excluding references, must be shown on the cover page.  The required word count, excluding the reference list, is approximately 2,000-2,500 words (8-10 pages) for undergraduate students; for graduate students, the paper should be approx. 4,000 words (15 pages).   
Due Date. Papers must be submitted to Canvas on or before the due date posted in the syllabus.  Students are encouraged to submit papers EARLY and review TurnItIn scores before the final due date (unlimited revisions, with TurnItIn feedback, available until the due date).  The paper instructions are available on Canvas.  Late papers will NOT be accepted. The research paper is worth 10 points* and is 10% of the course grade.

Explain the concept of Situational Crime Theory. Based on this theory,
what strategies or concepts could be used to help prevent crime or
offender antisocial behaviors.

A. Purpose of 1st Half
The goal of this assignment is to develop a working draft of your Criminology topic.
Specifically, the first half represents a comprehensive framework of your introduction and
literature review. The first half the paper should be approximately 8 to 10 pages long. Do not
submit a “rough” draft of your paper. I expect the work submitted will represent what you
believe is the final draft of the introduction and literature review, and it will be graded as such.
B. Rationale of Policy Paper: In your policy paper, you will need to explain why you choose a topic. For example, why is your
research topic important; or what practical solutions/lessons can we learn from your research
topic? A successful policy paper convinces the reader to consider the topic and pursue a course
of action. The suggested policies must address the implications of your topic; the consequences
if we fail to address your topic and the benefits to associated with your topic.
C. First Half Outline
1. Title Page
2. Introduction (1 page)
a.) What is your thesis statement? Hint: A thesis statement clearly articulates your topic
and major argument.
b.) Why is the problem important? Why should we care?
c.) Please provide a brief outline of your paper.
3. Literature Review (8-10 pages)
a.) What does the literature say about your Criminology topic?
b.) What questions and/or themes surface in the literature?
c.) How does the literature support your thesis statement?
The topic of my paper is: Mass Incarceration and Mental Health.

Instructions
For this assignment please read the Buist & Stone (2013) article about the experiences of transgender people within the criminal legal system. You should provide a 2-page paper NO LONGER (double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font) summary of the article, reflection, and demonstrate your understanding of Queer Criminology and the CLS. Some things to think about while you are reading/writing: how does Queer Criminology fit as a form of critical criminology and/or feminist criminology, do you think a Queer Criminology perspective is the best way to examine the LGBTQ+ population, or is there a better theory, what do the findings indicate, how does the law consider (or not) transgender individuals in the US and CLS, and something this article talked about that you may not have known. 

Please write all the case briefs in one word document. Title each case to separate them. You will have 4 case briefs. See attached. 
When writing the case briefs, look at the attached word document “EXAMPLE” to write the same way. Thanks

For this assignment, you need to have a strong knowledge of the units in a typical criminology course in high school. A lot of these questions are based on your perspective and opinion so answer in a logical way based on your knowledge of criminology.
Critical Thinking Questions: 
The theories and perspectives in this unit focus on the environmental and social influence of crime. Do you think that environmental and social conditions influence crime? Why or why not? Between biological, psychological, and social factors, which one do you think plays the biggest role in crime? Why?
Do you agree or disagree that different opportunities for crime have an impact on whether a person will commit a crime or not? What other factors do you think play a role in whether an individual commits a crime?
Do you agree or disagree with Howard Becker that negative labels can have an impact on crime? Why?
Using some of the insights from environmental criminology, do you think your neighborhood is likely to have high or low rates of crime? Why? Give specific examples in your answer.
Why do you think former offenders have a hard time fitting back in to society? What consequences can this have on the individuals and on society?

*No title page or conclusion is needed. Not in essay form, discussion only.*
In this discussion, you will first identify which option you fall into. 
You can begin your discussion with one simple sentence: I fall into option 1 and here are my 2 (or 3) proposals or I fall into option 2 and here are my 2 (or 3) proposals. 
Below is an example for each option to help you get started after the first simple sentence:
Sample: Option 1: A significant problem in my police department is the number of overweight officers. I want to explore how my department and others can develop incentives for officers to stay healthy. A second problem in my department that I am also considering is identifying and helping officers who are clearly exhibiting signs of PTSD. I am anxious to see what my classmates think about these topics.
**You can use the first example (overweight officers) or make up another problem for a california based officer. I think a good problem is police retention/recruiting/low staff issue due to the current harsh climate in law enforcement with addition to people quitting and retiring early **
Sample: Option 2: I want to apply to be a juvenile probation officer. One idea I have is to analyze why some juveniles end up in the juvenile justice system, whereas others do not. What are the factors that contribute to delinquent behaviors and which juveniles are most vulnerable? A second idea is to explore the traits that the most successful juvenile probation officers exhibit and use these traits in the hiring process. 
I look forward to your feedback. 
Primary Response Post Length should be 200 – 250 words: Each Primary response must include at least 1 reference at the bottom of the post which can include the textbook. 
Your response should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards where appropriate. Additional resources are not required but be sure to cite any you use.  
References: 
Cities Consider Taking Police Out of Traffic Stops
Crowe, C. (2021, June 3). Cities consider taking police out of traffic stops. Smartcitiesdive. 
This article covers a recent phenomenon in the realm of de-policing and that is taking police out of traffic stops. The City of Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, passed a package of reforms, one of which calls for unarmed civilians replacing sworn police officers for certain traffic violations.
The Rhetoric of De-policing: Evaluating Open-Ended Survey Responses from Police Officers with Machine Learning-Based Structural Topic Modeling
Mourtzos, S. M., & Adams, I. A. (2019). The rhetoric of de-policing: Evaluating open-ended survey responses from police officers with machine learning-based structural topic modeling. Journal of Criminal Justice, 64, 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101627 
This article used structural topic modeling (STM) which is a method of interpreting open-ended survey questions to gather data on police officer attitudes vis-à-vis the communities they serve and the phenomenon of de-policing.
De-policing
Rushin, S., & Edwards, G. (2017). De-policing. Cornell Law Review, 102(3), 721-724. 
This article looks at the possibility of continuing laws that regulate policing as one cause of de-policing. The researchers used regression analyses of an existing data set of police departments that were under Federal monitoring per USC §14141.
De-policing and What to do About it
VerBruggen, R. (2021, October 28). De-policing and what to do about it. 
This article examines the “Ferguson Effect” on de-policing.
Sampling in Social Sciences
Using Likert-type Scales in the Social Sciences
Croasman, J. J., & Ostrum, L. (2011, November 1). Using Likert-type scales in the social sciences. Journal of Adult Education, 40(1), 19-22. 
This article covers in detail how to properly prepare Likert-type questionnaires.
Developing Likert-scale Questionnaires
Nemoto, T., & Beglar, D. (2014). Developing Likert-scale questionnaires.
This article also explains how to develop and administer a Likert-type questionnaire.
Crisis Leadership
Riordan Criticizes Leadership of LAPD, Hints at Drastic Steps; Police: The Mayor, Speaking at Ramparts Division, Cites Higher Crime and Fewer Arrests. But, He Offers few Specifics
Kukorian, G. (2001, February 3). Riordan criticizes leadership of LAPD, hints at drastic steps; Police: The mayor, speaking at ramparts division, cites higher crime and fewer arrests. But, he offers few specifics. Los Angeles Times, B1. 
This article defines how a crisis can be caused by leaders who have strong personalities that may result in untoward results.
The Psychology Behind Effective Crisis Leadership
Petriglieri, G. (2020, April 22). The psychology behind effective crisis leadership. Harvard Business Review. 
The author explains how vision alone will not be enough in crisis leadership situations. He continues by explaining the concept of “holding.”
Public Leadership in Times of Crisis: Mission Impossible?
Boin, A., & ‘t Hart, P. (2003). Public leadership in times of crisis: Mission impossible? Public Administration Review, 63(5), 544-553. 
The authors explore the persistent tensions between the expectations and realities of crisis leadership.
Crisis Leadership: A Review and Future Research Agenda
Wu, Y. L., Shao, B., Newman, A., & Schwartz, G. (2021, December). Crisis leadership: A review and future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), 722-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101518
The authors use what they refer to as bibliometric techniques to arrive at theories of crisis leadership.

DQ 6-1  Using Detroit Metro area in the United States identify the issues in police and community relations that are prevalent. Discuss the roles of detectives and patrol personnel in establishing police and community relations in metro areas. 
DQ 6-2 Choose a rural area of the United States and identify the issues in police and community relations that are prevalent. Discuss the roles of detectives and patrol personnel in establishing police and community relations in rural areas.