Category: Criminal justice

  • Criminal Law and Defenses Criminal Law Multiple Choice Questions “Understanding Vicarious Liability, Entrapment, and Duress in Criminal Law”

    Question 1
    2.5 Points
    In most jurisdictions, a felony is:
    any crime punishable by incarceration of less than one year.
    a crime punishable by incarceration of more than one year.,
    a crime punishable by up to 15 days in jail.
    none of these.
    Question 2
    2.5 Points
    The burden of proof for an affirmative defense is preponderance of evidence?
    True
    False
    Question 3
    2.5 Points
    The Good Samaritan Doctrine is the majority position; it imposes upon an individual a legal duty to summon or render aid for an imperiled stranger.
    • True
    B)
    • False
    Question 4
    2.5 Points
    The Model Penal Code was published by the _ an organization or distinguished judges, lawyers, and academics.
    A National Center for State Courts
    ® Federal Judicial Center
    American Law Institute
    D
    Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
    Question 5
    2.5 Points
    prohibits a law that both criminalizes behavior
    which can be prohibited and criminalizes behavior which is constitutionally protected.
    A The rule against ex-post facto
    ® The doctrine of overbreadth the rule against bills of attainder.
    D
    the doctrine of vagueness
    Question 6
    2.5 Points
    The test of whether a statute or law is void-for-vagueness is:
    A whether a person of ordinary intelligence is able to
    understand what the law means.
    ® whether the defendant understood the law © whether a judge must look at the legislative history
    of the statute to ascertain its meaning.
    D
    whether the court can understand the law and apply it to the facts.
    Question 7
    2.5 Points
    In order to determine whether someone acted either recklessly or negligently, the trier of fact (jury or judge) will have to determine whether the person created a risk that was a gross deviation from the standard of care of a reasonable person.
    A True
    B False
    Question 8
    2.5 Points
    Which of the following is a correct statement?
    A words may never be a criminal act ® possession may never be a criminal act
    All of these answers are correct statements.
    status (a person’s state of being) may never be a criminal act
    Question 9
    2.5 Points
    Passively standing by while someone commits a crime generally does not constitute accomplice liability.
    True
    • False
    Question 10
    2.5 Points
    The objective test of entrapment asks whether the conduct was so shocking as to violate the due process clause.
    True
    • False
    Question 10
    2.5 Points
    The objective test of entrapment asks whether the conduct was so shocking as to violate the due process clause.
    True
    • False
    Question 11
    2.5 Points
    Which of the following is not a requirement of self defense?
    the attack against which you are defending is imminent
    the force against which you are defending is unlawful
    the force against which you are defending is deadly force
    the attack against which you are defending is unprovoked
    Question 12
    2.5 Points
    The insanity rule which excuses a person whose mental disease cause him to lose the power to choose between right and wrong and to avoid doing the alleged act is known as the
    A Durham Rule
    ® Model Penal Code / substantial capacity test irresistible impulse test
    D M’Naghten Rule
    Question 13
    2.5 Points
    The general rule concerning intoxication as a defense is that both voluntary intoxication and involuntary intoxication are defenses.
    • True
    ® False
    Question 14
    2.5 Points
    The exception of the mere presence rule arises when:
    the defendant known that another is in the process of committing a crime
    ® there is no agreement to commit the crime defendants have a legal duty to act but fail to do so D there is no vicarious liability
    Question 15
    2.5 Points
    A_
    cannot create a legal duty to act.
    A contract
    B)
    ) special relationship
    statute
    D moral obligation
    Question 16
    2.5 Points
    The principle of concurrence requires that the actor:
    be the sole cause of the harm without any intervening factors.
    ® cause the harm with another actor
    © have the required criminal intent at the same time
    they engaged in the voluntary action.
    Question 17
    2.5 Points
    Legal duty to render aide can be established only by contract or relationship.
    True
    B False
    Question 18
    2.5 Points
    Proximate cause asks:
    whether the defendant intended the harm that he caused.
    ® if the defendant alone caused the harm
    © Whether the defendant set into motion a chain of
    events which resulted in the harm
    D
    whether it is fair to hold the defendant responsible for the harm
    Question 19
    2.5 Points
    An initial aggressor can only use force in self-defense if they completely withdraw from the attacks they have provoked.
    • True
    B False
    Question 20
    2.5 Points
    Syndrome defenses are generally
    A quickly becoming a license to kill and maim
    ® widely accepted by jurors frequently raised by defendants
    D none of the above
    Question 21
    2.5 Points
    Malum in se crimes or crimes of moral turpitude are:
    inherently wrong or evil.
    ®
    crimes that society and the legislature deem as wrong.
    Question 22
    2.5 Points
    Laws that infringe fundamental rights such as the First Amendment’s freedom of speech and press are subjected to
    by the courts, which means, in effect, that they
    are presumed to be unconstitutional.
    • the doctrine of saving construction
    B judicial restraint minimal scrutiny
    ) strict scrutiny
    Question 23
    2.5 Points
    The use of the insanity defense can only be used for murder charges.
    True
    B False
    Question 24
    2.5 Points
    A law which criminalized the sale of beer to males under 18 and females under 21 may violate
    A the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause ® the Fundamental Rights Clause the Equal Protection Clause
    the Due Process Clause
    Question 25
    2.5 Points
    You are a bank employee and are forced at gunpoint to divert funds into a special account. Failure to cooperate will result in the execution of your family. After complying, you are arrested for stealing the funds. Which of the following defenses would your attorney most likely employ?
    A duress
    ® entrapment
    © consent
    ) necessity
    Question 26
    2.5 Points
    At a minimum, every crime must have a(n)
    modus operendi
    criminal intent
    © criminal act
    D a victim
    Question 27
    2.5 Points
    Which one of the amendments in the Bill of Rights pertains to the right against self incrimination?
    • Fifth
    ® Fourth
    Sixth
    First
    Question 28
    2.5 Points
    In using self defense or defending others, a person can use:
    the amount of force reasonably believed necessary, but never deadly force
    only the force necessary to retreat within their home
    the amount of force reasonably believed necessary
    D
    any amount of force
    Question 29
    2.5 Points
    Possession is not an action, it is a passive condition and, therefore, it cannot establish the voluntary act needed for the actus reus element of a crime.
    • True
    ® False
    Question 30
    2.5 Points
    The prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment can be found in which amendment?
    A Seventh
    ® Eighth
    * Fourth
    Fifth
    Question 31
    2.5 Points
    John, a six year old child, falls of his bicycle and seriously injures himself. His parents didn’t provide the necessary medical attention and John dies. The parents are charged with criminal homicide. What is the basis of their criminal liability?
    • transterred intent
    ® commission to act
    • strict liability
    ) omission to act
    Question 32
    2.5 Points
    In a majority of states, the defense of duress can’t be used for murder.
    • True
    B False
    Question 33
    2.5 Points
    The burden of proof for the defendant for an affirmative defense is beyond a reasonable doubt.
    True
    • False
    Question 34
    2.5 Points
    Which of the following is an incorrect statement about strict liability?
    The US Supreme Court has upheld legislatures’ authority to pass strict liability crimes so long as they make clear they are imposing liability without fault.
    ) strict liability crimes require no voluntary act
    ) strict liability makes accidental injuries a crime
    strict liability crimes are based on strong public policy rationales
    Question 35
    2.5 Points
    The right-wrong test is just another name for the Model Penal Code test of insanity
    • True
    B False
    Question 37
    2.5 Points
    At common law, accessories after the fact were treated less seriously than accomplices.
    True
    B False
    Question 38
    2.5 Points
    Which of the following statements about vicarious liability is incorrect?
    vicarious liability removes the mental element requirement of a crime.
    vicarious liability often works together with strict liability
    vicarious liability transfers the actus reus and mens rea of one party to another because of a
    relationship
    vicarious liability is based upon the relationship of the parties
    Question 39
    2.5 Points
    Which of the following statements is incorrect?
    • the objective entrapment test focuses on the government’s behavior
    entrapment is a constitutional defense.
    © the subjective entrapment test focuses on the
    defendant
    entrapment is an affirmative defense in which defendants must show some evidence they were entrapped
    Question 40
    2.5 Points
    Which of the following is not a required element of the excuse of duress?
    in most states, the person must not have committed murder.
    ® the person must have believed the threat was real
    © the person must have acted under the great
    emotional stress of the threat
    D
    the person must have been threatened with death or serious bodily injury.

  • Exploring the Controversy of Gratuity Acceptance in Law Enforcement: Arguments for and Against and a Proposed Policy for Chiefs of Police

    What is a gratuity? What are the arguments for allowing gratuities? What are the arguments against allowing gratuities? If you were a chief of police, what type of policy (if any) would you have concerning gratuities?
    In the policing field, the concept or practice of gratuities are viewed differently by each law enforcement agency as to what constitutes a gratuity and what “gifts” can be accepted. Please remember that more than 18,000 different state, county, and local law enforcement agencies have different policies on this issue.

  • Research Method and Design Selection for Dissertation Study on the Relationship between Mental Illness and Criminal Behavior Title: “Quantitative Research Method and Design Selection for Studying the Relationship between Mental Illness and Criminal Behavior in a Homeland Security Context”

    ***Do not accept this assignment if you cannot commit to completing every assignment for this course.***
    The writer I choose for this assignment will essentially be the same writer for the duration of this course. This course is building the first chapter of my dissertation, and as a result, it needs consistency. Please keep all previous assignments accessible; you will need them to complete the next assignment.
    This assignment is the first chapter of my dissertation. So, each assignment in this course is built on the previous assignment. I will be building the literature review on this topic, which will be the final assignment for this course.
    Degree: Criminal Justice 
    Concentration: Homeland Security
    Dissertation Topic.
    ***The relationship between mental illness and criminal behavior.***
    To what extent does mental illness contribute to criminal behavior? How do various mental health disorders influence the types of crimes committed?
    **moving forward, I will be focusing on quantitative study only**
    Assignment: Begin this activity by reflecting on your revised problem and purpose statements. Select a method and design appropriate for a doctoral dissertation study.  Quantitative studies must demonstrate both internal and external validity (e.g., large, random samples, statistical power, and representativeness). Qualitative studies must demonstrate validity within the context of the specific qualitative design (e.g., credibility, dependability, transferability, trustworthiness). Replication studies are not permitted. Your summary must address all of the following items.
    Access SAGE Research Methods for a refresher on research terminology.
    Continue your work on the template provided in Week 2 of the course and construct a 1 page rationale for your research method and design selection. Be sure to include the following discussions:
    Provide a brief summary of the methodology and the type of data that will be collected. Describe and substantiate the appropriateness of the method to respond to the stated problem and purpose.
    Provide a brief summary of the research design that substantiates its appropriateness to respond to the stated problem and purpose and includes a description of the data collection procedure and type of analysis.
    Note how the proposed method and design accomplish the study goals, why the design is the optimum choice for the proposed research.
    Provide appropriate foundational research method support for the proposed study design; cite seminal scholarly sources.
    Explain the particular data-gathering techniques and data analysis processes.  Sample size of the study population should be identified and must be appropriate and justified based on the nature of the study design. Quantitative analyses must include justified sample size determination. A brief overview of the study design, variables/constructs, instruments, and analyses is provided based on current literature describing why the proposed method and design were chosen to address the study’s research question(s).
    Indicate why the selected research methodology and design are the best choices for the study by explaining how they align with the problem and purpose statements as well as the research questions. 

  • Title: Developing a Research Strategy for Exploring the Effects of Social Media on Mental Health Topic: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health Thesis: The increased use of social media has been linked to negative effects on mental health, including

    use the attached written assignment for help.
    First, restate your topic and remind your classmates of your thesis or main question and main points. Then, explain the research strategy you are using to develop your thesis or to resolve the problem statement.
    Describe some key words and additional questions that have emerged from your search.
    Finally, discuss the search strategies you have found to elicit the best results and where you are finding the most beneficial material. Be sure to include the strategies that have been least successful and why

  • “Social Media as Evidence in Criminal Investigations”

    Create a video presentation discussing the use of social media as evidence for criminal investigations.
    For this assignment, you will record a video presentation using Canvas Studio. The video should be between 3 and 4 minutes in length. instructions for using Canvas StudioLinks to an external site..
    TOPIC: Discuss the methods and strategies employed by the police to use social media as a tool for gathering evidence related to criminal activities. Cite two specific instances where social media was used successfully by law enforcement as a source of evidence. Identify and explain one constitutional challenge or concern that arises when police use social media for evidence collection.
    Structure:
    Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic and provide an overview of your main points.
    Main Body:
    Discuss how police can utilize social media to gather evidence of criminality.
    Provide two concrete examples of instances where the police used social media as evidence.
    Discuss one constitutional challenge that law enforcement faces when using social media as evidence.
    Conclusion: Recap the main points of your presentation, tying them together to underline their relevance to policing and law enforcement.
    Ensure that your arguments are well-researched and supported by reliable sources.
    For assistance with Canvas Studio, creating or uploading your file, please review the instructions for using StudioLinks to an external site..
    Optional: If you are more comfortable expressing your ideas in written form, you may choose to submit a 2–3 page paper instead, addressing the same points.

  • “The Case for Innocence: A Heartbreaking Look at the Flaws in Our Justice System” The Case for Innocence website is a powerful and eye-opening resource that sheds light on the flaws and injustices within our criminal justice system. As I

    Go to The Case for Innocence website and read the accounts included in the website. Write a reaction paper to this website . This is worth 60 points and spelling and grammar will be graded. Also, the paper should be comprehensive and thorough and a reaction to what the website covers.
    Website link: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/case/cases/

  • Title: Analyzing Key Concepts in Criminal Justice from Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 5 of the Textbook

    (Book) Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 5 – minimum four-page, max double-spaced, paper analyzing information from all 4 chapters while citing at least 2 “points of discussion” for analysis from the chapters (see: ch 1 – p61, ch 2 – p82 and ch 3 – p121 and ch 5 – 188) – 2 points of discussion total, not 2 per chapter
    Couple things, be sure each paper has a bibliography as a stand alone page at the end (this is in addition to the in text citations and footnotes – I know the textbook may be the only source for papers 2 and 3 but please list it along with any other sources you use). I believe strongly in bibliographies as they both protect you and show that your work is data driven from objective sources often heavily peer reviewed. It is also a central pillar in the criminal justice profession, often the question when you’re on the stand in court or in written affidavits (i.e. search warrants and wiretap warrants) is how do you know that and what source did that come from?). 
    I know 4 pages will not cover the material to any large extent. Feel free to refine your focus on something that interests you from the chapters, or present from a wider perspective, either way ok. Within the body of the paper, allude / mention / reference 2 separate points of discussion from the various ones after the 4 chapters (not 2 from each chapter). The reason I do this is it allows you to focus on an area within the info you’re interested in and it shows some more critical thought based on the info associated with the 2 points..

  • Title: The Chechen Separatist Movement: A History of Ethnic Terrorism and Violence

    Conduct research on Chechen separatist terrorism and write a summary on the movement. In your summary, the following should be included: 
    Apply the general characteristics of ethnic terrorism to the Chechen separatists. 
    The history of the Chechen separatists 
    The post-Soviet history of violence in Chechnya 
    Attacks for which the Chechen separatists are responsible 
    Other terrorist organizations to which the Chechen separatists are believed to be connected 
    Be sure to cite in-text where necessary as well as provide a works cited page. No Wikipedia, ask.com, or other non-scholarly sites.