Category: Criminal justice

This is a Film Respinse essay that needs to be 2-3 pages, not including the title page and work cited page. The film options are below. In your response get personal, my professor likes opinionated responses! 

must use 3 scholarly articles and cite them APA style. must complete a annotated bibliography of the 3 references used.

Firearms, Explosives Arson – Stephen
1. How are spent casings recovered from a crime scene examined? Do they possess individual or class characteristics?
First, let’s explain what casings are before discussing gathering evidence of a crime scene. In order to understand firearms, we must first understand what casings are and how they are related to firearms. Casings are the part of ammunition that you see on the actual bullet itself. The casing is what holds and binds the bullet together until it is fired out of a weapon or disassembled. Within the casing, you will find multiple chemicals that will be necessary to make a firearm operation. You will find things such as primer, gunpowder, and the bullet (9 mm, 5.56 mm, 7.56mm, etc.) depending on what type of firearm is utilized. Once the firing pin hits the back of the case shell within the firearm, the primer that is located within the casing is the spark that sets off the gunpowder in a firearm that will set the bullet in a particular direction/trajectory. Gunpowder itself is what causes the bullet or pellets to travel on its “trajectory”.
In general, when a firearm fires a bullet, the case shell in which the bullet is fired is dispatched onto the ground. In other words, for example, another term that is used is called “brass”, which contains nothing but the outer shell of ammunition. The dispatched “brass” or “casing” can be recovered in the area in which the firearm was used. Unless recovered by the user, the casing is what will be left behind. When an officer recovers a casing, he/she can determine what type of firearm was being used when the user fired the weapon. It is all measured or may have a specific identification number to determine what type of bullet is used, like a 9 mm casing shell. They will be able to narrow down as to what type of hand firearm was used specifically for that 9 mm casing shell.
2. Describe methods utilized at a crime scene to detect accelerants and explosive material.
Regarding explosive material, explosives should be handled by certified professionals who are trained by explosive technicians. These certified personnel are trained to detect specific components that make the blueprint of an explosive device. When an explosive ignites, it leaves behind debris from what made the bomb functional. Law enforcement will collect what is left behind and return it to their lab for further testing. Accelerants are the material that aids in spreading fire. Normally, accelerants are collected based on the debris that is left from the built explosive device.
Reference
What are the Basic Parts of Ammunition. Berry’s, Posted in Blogs. July 28, 2022. https://www.berrysmfg.com/blog/what-are-the-basic-parts-of-ammunition#:~:text=The%20casing%20is%20what%20holds,are%20created%20using%20polymer%20plastics.
Firearms forensics. David Spraggs. February 2010. https://www.atf.gov/resource-center/docs/020110-police-magazine-firearms-forensicspdf/download
Evidence Collection and Laboratory Analysis. Inter Fire Online. Copyright © 2024 All Rights Reserved. https://www.interfire.org/res_file/lab.asp

CJ 204-CRIMINOLOGY
READING ASSIGNMENT #14==CHAPTER 14 • CRIMES OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM: CYBERCRIME AND TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME
Assignment Type: turnitin.com via Canvas
Possible Points: 50 (Points are based on similarity report generated through Turnitin.com.)
Writing Activities: Please, in your own words (at least 300 FOR
EACH QUESTION), write an essay addressing two of the five Critical
Thinking Questions. Please label your answers by putting
the question above each. Do not combine your answers; each question
should be answered individually (again, 300 words or more). Responses
must be submitted via Canvas using the submission button located right
beneath the assignment. You cannot receive more than a 15% similarity
report. PUT YOUR NAME AND G-NUMBER ON THE ASSIGNMENT. PLEASE USE THE
INFORMATION FROM YOUR TEXT FOR YOUR ESSAYS. If assignments are not
completed in this manner, you will receive a “ZERO”.
1. Which theory or theories of criminal behavior best explain the
actions of cybercriminals and cybercrime? Please justify your answer.
2. How would you punish a web page defacer who placed an antiwar message on a government site? Prison? Fine? Justify your answer
3. What guidelines would you recommend for law enforcement agencies to control the sale of illegal goods using the internet?
4. Are we creating a “Big Brother” society and is the loss of
personal privacy worth the price of safety, justify your answer.

Last week, you evaluated on-scene analysis and documentation. This week, the focus will shift to the scientific processes accomplished within the crime laboratory. In addition to the scientific processes, it is important to understand the standards applied to determine if the scientific process and its results can or should be admitted at trial. While science uses the peer review process to evaluate credibility, the courts also use case law to evaluate the standards for forensic science.
Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please review the following:
From the text:
Chapter 5: Forensic Toxicology
Chapter10: Blood and Other Biological Fluids
Chapter 11: DNA Analysis
The articles:
Surrogate Testimony After Williams: A New Answer to the Question of Who May Testify Regarding the Contents of a Laboratory Report
What Happens If Autopsy Reports Are Found Testimonial?: The Next Steps to Ensure the Admissibility of These Critical Documents in Criminal Trials
To Analyse a Trace or Not? Evaluating the Decision-Making Process in the Criminal Investigation
Examining the Role of Science in the Courtroom: Admissibility and Reliability of Forensic Science in the Courtroom
Testing the Testimonial Doctrine: The impact of Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts on State-level Criminal Prosecutions an Procedure
The e-book Forensic Science Evidence: Can the Law Keep up with Science?
From the video Forensic Science in Action: From Crime Scene to Courtroom: Segment 6. Forensics: Examination of the Victim 03:25
The video Duties of a Forensic Scientist in the Forensic Biology Lab shown above.
You must use at least three Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources in addition to the course text.
You are also strongly encouraged to review the recommended sources, which may further support this assignment.
In your paper, address the following:
Evaluate the evolution of forensic science, focusing on the types of scientific analysis conducted in crime laboratories.
Explain how the changes in science and evidence processing over the last century have affected the criminal justice system.
Describe at least four major types of scientific testing conducted by crime laboratories.
Describe the evidentiary value of the four major testing processes identified.
Analyze the current standards (based on case law) for admitting scientific evidence at trial, specifically addressing the four types of scientific testing identified in your paper.
The Science of Evidence paper
Must be 750 words in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA Formatting for Microsoft Word resource.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Name of the school
Date submitted
Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice resource for additional guidance.
Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions as well as Writing a Thesis Statement, refer to the Writing Center resources.
Must use at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed, and/or credible sources in addition to the course text.
The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.
To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, view The University of Arizona Global Campus Library Quick ‘n’ Dirty tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.
Must document any information used from sources in APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your Paper guide.
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center. See the APA: Formatting Your References List resource in the Writing Center for specifications.

PART 1: SPSS Questions
Note: For all the following
questions, assume that the DV is normally distributed.
Q1. You want to assess whether
self-acceptance scores (variable tsa) vary according to personality types.
State null and alternative hypotheses.
Carry out the test. Is the homogeneity of variance
assumption fulfilled?
Report and interpret the results.
Report post-hoc tests if relevant.
Q2. You want to assess whether
self-control scores (variable tsc) vary according to personality types.
State null and alternative hypotheses.
Carry out the test. Is the homogeneity of variance
assumption fulfilled?
Report and interpret the results.
Report post-hoc tests if relevant.
Q3. You want to assess whether empathy
scores (variable tem) vary according to personality types.
State null and alternative hypotheses.
Carry out the test. Is the homogeneity of variance
assumption fulfilled?
Report and interpret the results.
Report post-hoc tests if relevant.
PART 2: Non-SPSS Questions
Q4. If
between-group differences are larger than within-group differences, then the
F-ratio is likely to be higher, thus results are more likely to be
statistically significant. True or false?
Q5. In ANOVA,
what approximate value can we expect to obtain for the F-ratio when the null
hypothesis is true? Explain your answer.
Q6. You
conduct an ANOVA, and get p = .07 for the Levene test. Does this mean that you
reject or accept the null hypothesis for the homogeneity of variance postulate?
Explain more specifically what this result means.

The overall goal of the final project is for you to teach your future self, or your grandchildren about the issues of race, crime, and justice explicitly using the theories and knowledge gained from the course. You should also reflect on how the issues we have discussed this semester will impact your career.
Your job is to reflect on the history of issues of race and crime, and how policies and practices, as taught in this class and through your readings have impacted the many lives of people impacted by the criminal legal system, those incarcerated, as well those outside prison walls and overall, as a society.
This is to help me assess your own understanding of the course concepts; whether and how you interpret and assess information from a variety of sources and points of view; evaluate evidence and arguments critically.
The fact that you’re addressing your future self and your grandchildren is to encourage you to reflect on your own thinking, your positionality within the issues, and also the solutions to the problems we’re facing as a society. You are educating your future self (or grandchildren) about how far we have to go to improve race relations as it pertains to the criminal justice system.
There are some requirements; you are writing an essay, well-researched, reflective, and a critical analysis of yourself and a loved one.
Requirement:
Reflect on your racial identity and the concept of intersectionality from the first part of the semester (project #1)
Reflect on your future career
Use at least four theories, philosophies, law cases, definitions, and concepts from the course materials. You must refer to what we learned in class (mark them in bold).
Use at least five peer-reviewed academic journal articles (the textbook does not count as one). I will post a how-to-find academic article description on iLearn.
You can use governmental and NGO reports.
You cannot use Wikipedia
Citation style: APA or MLA

literature review on secondary truama   use the first   half of the paper to explain how it affects someone then use the second half to explain how to heal it 

These are the key components and outline
Creation of Laws:
a) To begin, define “crime.”
b) Then, compare Functionalist (Consensus) vs. Conflict (Marxist) perspectives as they relate to the creation and enforcement of law.
2. Policing
a) Identify in order and describe key steps in the criminal justice process that are conducted by police.
b) Describe and analyze at least one of the following issues, including its significance and relevant court decisions:
i. Miranda rights
ii. Excessive use of force
iii. Police discretion
iv. Terry Stop
3. Court Operations
a) Identify in order and describe key steps/components of the judicial process.
b) Describe and analyze at least one of the following issues, including its significance and relevant court decisions:
i. Plea bargaining
ii. Bail
iii. Voir Dire
iv. Prosecutorial Discretion
v. Sentencing models
vi. Due Process
vii. Right to Counsel
4. Correctional Activities
a) Describe the possible sanctions that come with a determination of guilt.
b) Analyze at least one of the following issues, including its significance and any relevant court decisions:
i. Appeals Process
ii. Parole Boards/Parole
iii. Prison Services (i.e. training, education, etc.)
iv. Private or For-Profit Prisons
Requirements: 3 to 4 pages | .doc file

THE LAW ON ASSISTED SUICIDE The Kevorkian Verdict (pbs.org)
On July 26, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that criminalized assisted suicide. These decisions overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal which struck down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those courts had found that the statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, violated the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court found that there was no constitutional “right to die,” but left it to individual states to enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide.
As of April 1999, physician-assisted suicide is illegal in all but a handful of states. Over thirty states have enacted statutes prohibiting assisted suicide, and of those that do not have statutes, a number of them arguably prohibit it through common law. In Michigan, Jack Kevorkian was initially charged with violating the state statute, in addition to first-degree murder and delivering a controlled substance without a license. The assisted suicide charge was dropped, however, and he was eventually convicted of second degree murder and delivering a controlled substance without a license.
Only one state, Oregon, has legalized assisted suicide. The Oregon statute, which went into effect in October 1997, provides that a doctor may prescribe, but not administer, a lethal dose of medication to a patient who has less than six months to live. Two doctors must agree that the patient is mentally competent and that the decision was voluntary. As of April 1999, 23 patients were given drugs under the statute, and 15 of them used the drugs to commit suicide. A report released by the Oregon state Health Division reviewing the first year of the law’s implementation found that the law was working well and had not been subject to abuse.
Since the Kevorkian Verdict article was published, laws have changed in different states. 
https://euthanasia.procon.org/states-with-legal-physician-assisted-suicide/
——————
What is your response to the topic? Should people living with painful cancer and debilitating disease with no cure have a right to die? Is it ethical to make doctor-assisted suicide a charge of criminal homicide?