Category: Criminal justice

Annotated Bibliography
Last week we conducted preliminary research to submit a research proposal that addresses a profession-related issue from at least two discipline perspectives.  Once your proposal (your research request) is approved, you are ready to start the primary research.
As a researcher, you must become an expert on your topic. The annotated bibliography is a compilation of sources you plan to potentially use in your research.  It encourages you to think critically about the content of the works you are using and their relation to your own research and ideas. The annotated bibliography also demonstrates that you have read and understand your sources.
For this week, you will prepare your annotated bibliography to include 6 sources (4 must be peer-reviewed).  List one annotation after the other.  Each annotation must be 150-200 words in length and include the information outlined in the steps below (see example annotation). 
Steps for writing an annotation:
·       Cite the source using APA reference style.
·       Describe the main ideas, arguments, themes, theses, or methodology.
·       Compare to other sources you have also cited to show similarities and differences.
·       Identify the observations or conclusions of the author.
·       Explain why each source is useful for your research topic.
Note** Annotations are original descriptions that you create after reading the source.  Never copy someone else’s annotation or use abstracts to summarize. 
Your completed assignment should be written third person use APA style formatting.
I have included my last week paper and example annotation. 

CASE DETAILS: Hello,
Please find your Client Summary below, which you will use to create your Case Plan Paper. You will find guidelines, tips, and example sections of the case plan on Canvas. Please let me know if you have any additional questions.
Client: A
Gender: Male
Race/Ethnicity: African American
Age: 23
Crime and time served: robbery, 4 years, will serve 2 years supervision upon release
Criminal History: Began having trouble at the age of 12, arrested for minor crimes (shoplifting, trespassing, and vandalism). He has been on probation once before but never incarcerated.
Health issues: Recreational use of alcohol, marijuana. Otherwise physically healthy and no known mental health issues.
Family: Lived with single mother before incarceration. Mother has a difficult time making ends meet and is not able to offer a lot of support for his son. He also has a 5-year-old daughter but has not had any contact with her or the mother in several years.
Employment/Education: Obtained GED in prison, short periods of sporadic employment prior to incarceration (mostly fast food/retail/etc.)
Transportation: No personal transportation.
Other Information: Andre got into a few minor fights while incarcerated. His PO noted he seems to have an attitude that he is “too good” for all of this and doesn’t really care what people think or what happens to him. He hasn’t had a lot of personal success and or been used to working hard for what he wants. He is leaving prison with $100.
Legal issues: On standard parole, has check-ins at least twice a month. Owes $5000 in back child support and will be expected to continue child support payments after being released of about $250 per month.
Parole Office Location: 7625 S Central Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90001
Neighborhood: University Park
http://maps.latimes.com/neighborhoods/neighborhood/university-park/
Note: The client summaries are vague on purpose. You may need to infer some of the details from what is listed and what you’ve learned about reentry in the class/outside resources. You are also welcome to personalize the client profile if it helps you to narrow down potential solutions to help with their reentry plan. Please let me know if you have any questions
This paper will require you to build on the outline and research you have done this semester on your case into a fully completed case plan for your assigned client.  Please refer to the Case Plan Project Overview, Outline, and tips/example sections for additional information and guidance in writing your final paper.  This paper is a chance to demonstrate your understanding of the issues facing those released from prison and some of the challenges of the support and services available.  
Writing Style:
While you will be drawing from research and class materials, your plan should also treat your client as if they were a real person leaving prison and returning to Los Angeles.  You are expected to use APA formatting for all references but are allowed some creativity in terms of how you discuss your client and how they might respond to risks and solutions.  You are also welcome to give your client a name or fill in additional details about their life if it is helpful to explain your case plan.
Paper Outline
Introduction with an overview of the case
Include an assessment of risk for recidivism (risk, needs, responsivity model).  This should also include any strengths or protective factors that will be helpful for their successful reentry.
Reentry Area Sections (see breakdown below for what to include in each section)
Housing
Employment and/or Education
3rd Main Reentry Area (choose from mental health, physical health, substance abuse, or family, depending on what is most relevant for your client)
Other Needs- basic needs, money, transportation, identity issues/special populations
Conclusion/Summary
Highlight the biggest risks/needs of your client and some of the strengths and limitations of the overall plan you developed.
Bibliography (APA style reference list of all sources, including websites)
Details of what to include for each reentry area section (4 total)
In each of the four main reentry areas of your case plan, you need to address the specific risk/need for your client and the reentry process, an individual-level solution (with strengths and limitations), and a structural solution.  Please use the following information to help you structure each section.  
Explaining the challenge for reentry area (housing, employment, etc.):
Explain each item and its impact on reentry (i.e., why it is important for reentry). This could include references to peer-reviewed articles and any course material. 
What about your particular case makes each area a challenge for reentry? Or note if there are any strengths related to this issue that may help with the reentry process. 
INDIVIDUAL level solutions for reentry areas 
Propose how you plan to address each issue. Be sure to include specific details about the services/support they need, what organizations/programs you will use, etc. This is where you will need to include Los Angeles specific information based on what’s available.
For example: What type of housing? How much does it cost?  Where is it located?  Can they get to their job and necessary services from this location?  How much will they need to make to pay for their housing?  Will they need to take off work to get services or deal with criminal justice issues?  
Discuss the STRENGTHS and LIMITATIONS of your suggestions.
Why will the solution work, and what about it may it not work for your client?
You also want to prioritize the needs.  Which should you address first? Why? Is this an area that your client will require a lot or only a little support?
BE REALISTIC! Will your client be able to do all the things you suggest?  How?  What will be challenging about it? (think about responsivity and treatment readiness here)
STRUCTURAL level solutions for reentry areas
As you search for individual-level solutions, you may notice that it is often difficult for people returning from prison to meet all their needs because of a lack of resources or services. Please identify what programs or services are not currently available (or are limited, cost-prohibitive, etc.).  
What are your recommendations for policies and programs to help people successfully reenter society after incarceration?  
Sources:
Class material (including textbook, readings, lectures) to help you identify the issues, challenges, potential solutions, etc., to start your reentry plan.
Community resources and public information
This will be the majority of your individual recommendations and should include the details about any organizations or programs you want your client to participate in, jobs/housing you want them to obtain, etc.  These must be REAL resources that exist in Los Angeles.  
At least three peer-reviewed journal articles to support your plan 
These articles can be used to help explain the risk/need for your client, justify a particular plan or solution, or be an example of a type of structural solution such as a policy or practice.  
You can use both articles for one reentry area or use them for different areas.
Format:
Papers should be written in 12 point font, 1 inch margins, double spaced, with headings for each section and subheadings to identify the individual and structural solutions.  
All citations must be in APA format.  
Please include a title page and reference page.
Grading:
This paper represents efforts and knowledge from the entire semester and replaces any traditional midterms/finals, so please ensure your work reflects that level of effort.  There is no page minimum since different clients and solutions may require more explanation than others. Still, I encourage you to review the example sections for an idea of the level of detail and explanation required to do well on this paper.  
Students are not only graded based on addressing all of the required information in the outline but also on the level of detail and analysis demonstrated in the description of the risks, the specifics of the solutions, and the understanding of the strengths and limitations of the solutions for the specific client.  Papers that only superficially address the required information or provide overly generic solutions with little analysis or relevance to the client will lose points.  Papers flagged with 50% or more AI-generated content will automatically be marked 0 until the student meets with me to establish the academic integrity of the submission.
Tips:
Please note: This project requires you to provide SPECIFIC recommendations for services (ex. if recommending treatment: What kind? Why? Where will they get it? How long? Does it cost money?)  
You can use any class materials for more information about creating a case plan, types of treatment, services, and strategies for supervision, motivation, etc. 
You will also need to research what ACTUALLY exists in the community.  You cannot make up any resources or programs; they all must be real options for people returning to Los Angeles.
There are many different ways you can create a case plan.  There is no exact right answer when it comes to your plan.  You just need to be able to justify your recommendations and identify your suggestions’ potential strengths and limitations.
All of the solutions should be coordinated (i.e. the client should be able to use each of the solutions without conflicting with/or duplicating a solution.  For example, If you  find low-income housing close to the person’s workplace, you would also need to make sure the housing would work to get to the Parole office, treatment, etc.)

So we will be using the same textbook that I had sent as a pdf. 
THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE IN THE ATTACHEMENT BELOW/ THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS THAT WE NEED TO ANSWER (ON THE 2ND PAGE) . IF U GET CONFUSED CONTACT ME THANK YOU!

Over the course of this semester, we have discussed many risk factors and obstacles women face that provide some insight into pathways to female offending.  We have also discussed that women in U.S. prisons face specific pains and deprivations arising from their imprisonment that make their experiences different from those of male inmates. 
The purpose of this assignment is for students to provide a critical exploration and analysis of the underlying themes relating to issues covered in the course (for example, how do the lives and experiences of the people in the book A World Apart and the Podcast Life Jolt tie back to lectures and/or other assigned readings). Points are based on the student’s ability to integrate the themes raised in the course as well as the thought put into your personal responses.  What I am NOT looking for is a recap or summary of the book and Podcast. I am looking for students to explain course concepts and provide examples from the book and Podcast that highlight the concepts. I expect students to reference course materials, additional resources (e.g. academic research or review articles, government publications, websites), and provide appropriate citations to support the points raised. Include in-text citations and reference page.
Your paper should follow the guidelines below.  Points will be deducted if guidelines not followed
Name, Course, and Assignment on title page
Do NOT include your name on any pages other than the title page, do not include a running header.
6-9 pages (not including the title page or the works cited page in the total number of  pages)
A minimum of 4 academic/empirical sources cited (this includes articles assigned by me for this class)
One inch margins
Double spaced
12 point Times New Roman font
Numbered pages
APA format for citations, quotations and reference page (if you are not a CJ major use the format most commonly used for your discipline)
Citing lecture notes
In text citations: (Herrera, Week #)
References: Herrera (2024). Week #. Title of Lecture. CSUF.
Spell-checked and proofread for spelling, grammar, and clarity
Your own original work for this class

For this assignment, you will write a legal policy short paper.
Overview
For this assignment, you will write a short paper proposing a strategy to minimize the negative impact a selected issue may have on the criminal justice system. By beginning to analyze one specific issue, this paper will help prepare you for your Milestone One submission in Module Three.
There are many controversial topics in the field of criminal justice. So far, you have been introduced to a few of these issues, such as improper or excessive use of force, police corruption, disparity in prison sentences based on race, improper training or policies, racial profiling, and civil liability, to name a few. Often, these issues create a negative public perception of the criminal justice system.
After being introduced to the controversial issues of victims’ rights and jailhouse informants in this module’s resources, you will select one such critical issue that is interesting to you and propose a strategy to minimize the negative impact this issue has on public perception of the field of criminal justice.
First, to choose an issue to complete this task.
Next, identify and utilize a problem solving strategy after reviewing the problem-solving strategies and sample document. You may also use your own strategy. Additionally, you need to identify and analyze an evidence-based practice that will be most effective in dealing with the issue you selected. In your paper, analyze the controversial issue and describe how it may negatively affect public perception of the criminal justice system.
Prompt
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
Issue Presented: Summarize the issue in the form of a brief one-sentence question.
Short Answer: Provide a short answer which summarizes the conclusion of your paper.
Statement of Facts: Describe how the issue may negatively affect public perception of the criminal justice system.
Discussion: Provide a brief discussion of the issue, including the recent history of the issue and any legal precedents related to it.
Conclusion: Provide a conclusion based on the details of the issue outlined in the Discussion section.
Recommendations:
Based on your reading, propose at least one evidence-based practice to minimize the negative impact this issue may have on public perception of the criminal justice field.
Describe what possible successful outcomes might result from addressing this issue by analyzing it with evidence-based practices.
“Both files required to complete assignment is attached”

For this assignment, you will write a brief that discusses the use of force in the case of Graham v. Connor.
Overview
Many issues in the United States are focused on the application of force in the field of law enforcement. Questions have been raised as to whether criminal justice professionals are applying the least amount of force necessary to gain compliance from an unwilling subject. Because of several recent controversies surrounding the use of deadly force and the treatment of individuals in police custody, many members of society have been extremely critical of the use of force. These controversial issues have created a negative public perception of law enforcement officers, and there have been demonstrations and calls for reform in both the training and hiring of police officers.
For this assignment, you will first read and analyze the Graham v. Connor  court decision. This decision is the seminal case that articulates when and how use-of-force situations will be reviewed and judged. As you read the case, consider who the key stakeholders are (police officers, police departments, citizens, etc.) in the controversy and how this issue impacts the field of criminal justice.
Prompt
After reading the case, write a brief in which you address the elements listed below. This case brief will help you address the impact of similar decisions in studying your own issue analysis for the final project. Set up your brief as the sample case brief is set up, and include the answers to the questions in the Analysis section of the brief.
Facts: State the facts of the case and why the case went to trial.
Issue: State what is at issue in the case.
Ruling: State the court’s ruling in the case.
Analysis: This section contains the bulk of the brief. In your analysis, address the following:
In this case, what standard did the court use to determine whether the use of force was reasonable? For instance, what did the court say about judging the objective reasonableness of the use of force?
What perspective did the court use in determining whether the officer acted appropriately in the use of force? What did the court say about using hindsight to determine objective reasonableness?
What strategies do you believe should be employed to make sure officers are applying the correct amount of force in any given situation?
Analyze the connection between the issue of use of force and what criminological theory contributed to the understanding—or misunderstanding—of these issues.
Conclusion: Conclude the case brief by summarizing your analysis.
“All required links are provided in the documents files”

The first phase of this learning activity requires you to submit an original post (50% of your grade for this activity) by no later than SUNDAY of WEEK 4 (this week) at 11:59 p.m. (EDT) consisting of at least 500 words of discussion that respond to ALL of the following prompts:
Explain the difference between forensic psychology and forensic psychiatry and their role in demonstrating sanity versus the ability to stand trial.
Explain the role of BEA in investigations.
This week your required reading will consist of the following:
Turvey, Brent E. (2012). Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioral Evidence Analysis. Academic Press: San Diego, CA.
Chapters 4-6

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.
Due Thursday
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
Define and explain correlation. How is it calculated and what does it tell us about data gathered during a research process? How do we use correlation to help answer research questions? How does correlation differ from causation? Provide an example to explain the role of each in criminal justice.
Due Monday
Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

Omi and Winant define race as “a concept that signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies. Although race is not an objective, biologically determined reality, neither is it a mere illusory concept we can dispense with to enter a utopian ‘post-racial’ society. Instead, race is an element of social structure.”
Visit the website: https://understandingrace.org/
Read the sections and subsections for “Race is not Genetic” and “History.”
Race and Human Variation: Do patterns of genetic variation match races?
Prompt: If there is such little difference between humans on a genetic level, why do we conceptualize race as a matter of power, social identity, and placement instead of conceptualizing it as an individual attribute?
Requirements
Minimum 500 words
At least two sources, one source from outside of the course material
Thoroughly addresses the prompt
Adheres to due date

Read the following scenario and then respond with an essay.
Scenario:
After months of surveillance, in 2021, a massive drug bust went down in the Park Heights neighborhood of Baltimore. Local law enforcement, working with the DEA, arrested over 50 alleged members of the “Park Heights Hustlers” gang. The gang was suspected of running a highly lucrative drug distribution network that had been flooding the streets with marijuana, heroin and crack cocaine. 
Many of those arrested were lifelong residents of the impoverished, predominantly colored neighborhood. With few economic opportunities and generational poverty, some had turned to the illegal drug trade as one of the only viable ways to make money and achieve financial stability. 
Police seized over $3 million worth of cash and goods from the alleged gang members, in addition to firearms and other illegal contraband. Police leaders believed that this bust would lead to a temporary drop in the illegal drug trade in the area, as well as drops in violent crime and other gang-related activity.
The bust led to mixed reactions – the police were praised by elected officials for their dedication, while some civil rights advocates criticised the motives behind arresting some people of color who were not involved in the gang at all but were still arrested on charges of drug possession during the operation.
The instrcutions are down below 
Essay Instructions:
The student should write a 2000 word essay examining this situation from any ONE of three perspectives:
(1) the law enforcement or drug enforcement perspective, OR
(2) the policy/lawmaker perspective on drug laws and urban crime, OR
(3) the perspective of a Park Heights community member. 
Include at least 2 APA-style full citations from peer-reviewed sources to support the analysis/ arguments made in the essay.
Suggestions:
The student can draw from sources covering topics like
– hot-spot crime analysis
– racial profiling and discriminatory policing, drawing from the 1970s war on drugs
– urban poverty and crime
– the failures of current drug policies, or need for new approaches such as changes in drug scheduling or legalization
– policing gang activities and risk of crime displacement
– political pressures mayors and city councils face to crack down on crime and drug trafficking.
i would need a plagarism report