Category: Criminal justice

Several landmark Supreme Court rulings that address the way the criminal justice system interacts with juveniles were presented in the lesson this week. In your initial response, select the Supreme Court ruling that you believe had the biggest impact on the way law enforcement and courts deal with juvenile offenders. Begin by briefly explaining the premise of the case that led to the ruling, what the Supreme Court decided, and how the ruling impacts interactions with juvenile offenders.
In your response posts to classmates, evaluate the Supreme Court ruling selected by the classmate. If you agree with the classmate that it had the biggest impact, provide additional points to support selecting this case over others that have occurred. If you disagree, respectfully explain why you believe a different Supreme Court ruling had a bigger impact on the way law enforcement and courts deal with juvenile offenders.

THIS WILL BE 2 DISCUSSION POSTS!!!!
FIRST POST:
1. Discuss the law enforcement hiring process. 
2. Explain what the minimum standards are to be a police officer. Do they differ from one agency to another? 
3. Compare and contrast the two basic recruit training methodologies, the academic model used by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and the paramilitary model used by most police academies.
SECOND POST:
In a seamless posting, please incorporate the following into your initial posting:
Discuss the differences between the three major approaches surrounding collection and analysis of data, i,e., quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods.  As well as, describe the design of scientific inquiry that may go with each method i.e., survey, narrative, phenomenological, ethnographic, grounded theory, or case study and why it would be selected. Then address which method and design you think you would prefer to use to conduct research and why.
PLEASE PROVIDE 3 REFENCES PER POST. 

you must follow apa format perfectly, this teacher is very hard on that. if you have any questions let me know. also i have attached sample papers on what its supposed to look like as well as the rubric they use to grade it and the apa 7th templete. Please read over everything and look at the links he is very strict.
1st Paper ~ Student will research and write on the Media’s influence ~ Ted Kennedy Chappaquiddick Incident
Ted Kennedy’s Chappaquiddick Incident: What Really Happened | HISTORYLinks to an external site.
Must read and follow requirements in this link for Paper #1: /courses/279856/modules/items/5758672
SOURCES/CONTENT
You must use your textbook as a source, and you must also use five other additional outside sources for your paper (a total of at least 6), and three of these should be scholarly in nature. For example, you may use the internet, academic journal databases, books, encyclopedias, videos, newspapers, etc. So, a minimum of six (6) sources are required.
* Use the subheadings listed below in your paper for organization, consistency, and coherency of the overall paper:
Both Research papers must consist of the following – No Abstract
– Must Use in 1st Paragraph ~ Title of The Paper as the heading, the first paragraph
*** This is the introduction that contains the thesis in the last sentence but does not have Introduction as a heading, but the Title of the Paper
* Must Use the subheadings (do not include hint underneath) listed in order below in your paper for organization, consistency, and coherency of the overall paper:
Description of the research subject(hint ~ Write an overview of the subject you are researching for that paper)
Analysis of the crime event or events(hint ~ your decision on what crime or crime events you want to write on for that paper based on your research)
Description of media involvement and coverage(hint ~ write to the media coverage, how much, what venue, what did they cover, did it change over time, i.e., during the event, trial, etc.)
Perspective concerning the media influence on; (1st paper) and (2nd paper).(hint: What is your perspective (not your Opinion) based on your research backed up with citations and sources on how the media influenced this matter? It could be what impact it had while it was going on, afterwards, trials, currently, etc.).
Conclusion (hint ~ The paper’s conclusion wraps it all up for the reader who is your grade)
** (Overall, the last hint ~ Review the APA Module Again before submitting the papers ~ I structured this paper format approach so that one segment flows nicely into the next one. Again, sentences should not be more than 25-30 words. Paragraphs approx. 5-6 sentences, with proper indent. Use APA 7 citations and references.)
———————————————————————————————–
Format
Each paper must be in APA 7 format (NO ABSTRACT) and include a title page, body *Thesis is last sentence in first paragraph of body* (include subheadings above), and references/work cited page. Intext citations are required when citing your sources and must be in correct APA format. The length of the body of each paper is to be 1500 words, written in 12-point font and double-spaced, papers should be a minimum of 1500 words, not counting the title page, and reference page. Papers are to be submitted through the course website.
Due to time constraints, late submissions cannot be accepted and will forfeit feedback.
ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION POLICIES
Submissions are to be submitted in MS Word or Adobe PDF.
When submitting an assignment, you are responsible for saving a copy before submitting it, in the event the Course website computer system malfunctions. Save the assignment on your computer hard drive or a removable medium then submit the assignment.
Save the file in the format “LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME-FINALPAPER” and do not use the # symbol in the file name.
All writing assignments will be submitted to turnitin.com through the course link in Course website. All work must be original to you and done for the first time this semester for this class.
Email submissions and hard copies are not accepted.
If you miss the deadline for submitting the draft copy, you will have voluntarily forfeited feedback and will have to submit a final paper with no revisions allowed.

Conduct research on Chechen separatist terrorism and write a summary on the movement. In your summary, the following should be included:
– Apply the general characteristics of ethnic terrorism to the Chechen separatists
– The history of the Chechen separatists
– The post-Soviet history of violence in Chechnya
– Attacks for which the Chechen separatists are responsible 
– Other Terrorist organizations to which the Chechen separatists are believed to be connected. 
Be sure to cite in-text where necessary as well as provide a works cited page. No Wikipedia, ask.com, or other non-scholarly sites. 

address juvenile justice system, theory, and programs. Address the following in youpaper:
Select and compare two theories that relate to juveniles including the strengths and limitations of each theory.
Discuss the major components of the juvenile justice system and their functions.
Explain how juveniles are processed as compared to adults.
Include one program that attempts to reduce juvenile delinquency.
paper should be at least three pages in length, not counting title and reference pages.

Research Paper Instructions
Students will write a scholarly paper that is a minimum of 8-10 pages in length (8-10 pages excluding the title page, abstract, and reference page) in proper APA style format.
References may be found in the APUS library or search engines such as Google Scholar. The paper must include at least five peer-reviewed sources. Keep in mind that 5 is the minimum. A good quality research paper usually contains more than 10. Sources should be up to date. In-text citations are required to credit your sources. Your research paper must have at least 5 intext citation in APA 7 Format.
If you are not sure what is considered a peer reviewed source, please see the helpful information on the announcement page.
The use of newspapers, news magazines, and similar periodicals must be kept to a minimum and will be acceptable only as sources for supplementary information.
References like “Wikipedia,” “Psychology Today,” and “Court TV” are not primary sources, are not peer-reviewed (reviewed for empirical integrity, accuracy, and authenticity), and are not appropriate references for scholarly writing (with the possible exception of use for anecdotal background information).
Research Paper Topic:
Identity Theft
The paper should be of high quality, free of spelling and grammatical errors, and of original work. No AI tools are to be used. In addition, it needs to be in proper APA style format. Plagiarism will not be permitted, and occurrences of it will result in the procedures outlined in the “Student Handbook.”
IMPORTANT NOTE: Once you have submitted the assignment, it is automatically run through a plagiarism checker. Do NOT directly quote. Instead, summarize and paraphrase entirely in your own words and phrases while properly crediting where that information came from.
WARNING: DO NOT USE ANY FORM OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. YOUR PAPER WILL BE SUBMITTED TO MULTIPLE AI DETECTION AND PLAGIARISM CHECKERS!

Please follow insrtuctions as follows. No plagairism. I will upload all doucments thats goes with assignment. If need anything please reach out to me.

In about 200 words or more, address the question -why is probation considered a second chance? Validate your answer.

Question 1
2.5 Points
In most jurisdictions, a felony is:
any crime punishable by incarceration of less than one year.
a crime punishable by incarceration of more than one year.,
a crime punishable by up to 15 days in jail.
none of these.
Question 2
2.5 Points
The burden of proof for an affirmative defense is preponderance of evidence?
True
False
Question 3
2.5 Points
The Good Samaritan Doctrine is the majority position; it imposes upon an individual a legal duty to summon or render aid for an imperiled stranger.
• True
B)
• False
Question 4
2.5 Points
The Model Penal Code was published by the _ an organization or distinguished judges, lawyers, and academics.
A National Center for State Courts
® Federal Judicial Center
American Law Institute
D
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
Question 5
2.5 Points
prohibits a law that both criminalizes behavior
which can be prohibited and criminalizes behavior which is constitutionally protected.
A The rule against ex-post facto
® The doctrine of overbreadth the rule against bills of attainder.
D
the doctrine of vagueness
Question 6
2.5 Points
The test of whether a statute or law is void-for-vagueness is:
A whether a person of ordinary intelligence is able to
understand what the law means.
® whether the defendant understood the law © whether a judge must look at the legislative history
of the statute to ascertain its meaning.
D
whether the court can understand the law and apply it to the facts.
Question 7
2.5 Points
In order to determine whether someone acted either recklessly or negligently, the trier of fact (jury or judge) will have to determine whether the person created a risk that was a gross deviation from the standard of care of a reasonable person.
A True
B False
Question 8
2.5 Points
Which of the following is a correct statement?
A words may never be a criminal act ® possession may never be a criminal act
All of these answers are correct statements.
status (a person’s state of being) may never be a criminal act
Question 9
2.5 Points
Passively standing by while someone commits a crime generally does not constitute accomplice liability.
True
• False
Question 10
2.5 Points
The objective test of entrapment asks whether the conduct was so shocking as to violate the due process clause.
True
• False
Question 10
2.5 Points
The objective test of entrapment asks whether the conduct was so shocking as to violate the due process clause.
True
• False
Question 11
2.5 Points
Which of the following is not a requirement of self defense?
the attack against which you are defending is imminent
the force against which you are defending is unlawful
the force against which you are defending is deadly force
the attack against which you are defending is unprovoked
Question 12
2.5 Points
The insanity rule which excuses a person whose mental disease cause him to lose the power to choose between right and wrong and to avoid doing the alleged act is known as the
A Durham Rule
® Model Penal Code / substantial capacity test irresistible impulse test
D M’Naghten Rule
Question 13
2.5 Points
The general rule concerning intoxication as a defense is that both voluntary intoxication and involuntary intoxication are defenses.
• True
® False
Question 14
2.5 Points
The exception of the mere presence rule arises when:
the defendant known that another is in the process of committing a crime
® there is no agreement to commit the crime defendants have a legal duty to act but fail to do so D there is no vicarious liability
Question 15
2.5 Points
A_
cannot create a legal duty to act.
A contract
B)
) special relationship
statute
D moral obligation
Question 16
2.5 Points
The principle of concurrence requires that the actor:
be the sole cause of the harm without any intervening factors.
® cause the harm with another actor
© have the required criminal intent at the same time
they engaged in the voluntary action.
Question 17
2.5 Points
Legal duty to render aide can be established only by contract or relationship.
True
B False
Question 18
2.5 Points
Proximate cause asks:
whether the defendant intended the harm that he caused.
® if the defendant alone caused the harm
© Whether the defendant set into motion a chain of
events which resulted in the harm
D
whether it is fair to hold the defendant responsible for the harm
Question 19
2.5 Points
An initial aggressor can only use force in self-defense if they completely withdraw from the attacks they have provoked.
• True
B False
Question 20
2.5 Points
Syndrome defenses are generally
A quickly becoming a license to kill and maim
® widely accepted by jurors frequently raised by defendants
D none of the above
Question 21
2.5 Points
Malum in se crimes or crimes of moral turpitude are:
inherently wrong or evil.
®
crimes that society and the legislature deem as wrong.
Question 22
2.5 Points
Laws that infringe fundamental rights such as the First Amendment’s freedom of speech and press are subjected to
by the courts, which means, in effect, that they
are presumed to be unconstitutional.
• the doctrine of saving construction
B judicial restraint minimal scrutiny
) strict scrutiny
Question 23
2.5 Points
The use of the insanity defense can only be used for murder charges.
True
B False
Question 24
2.5 Points
A law which criminalized the sale of beer to males under 18 and females under 21 may violate
A the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause ® the Fundamental Rights Clause the Equal Protection Clause
the Due Process Clause
Question 25
2.5 Points
You are a bank employee and are forced at gunpoint to divert funds into a special account. Failure to cooperate will result in the execution of your family. After complying, you are arrested for stealing the funds. Which of the following defenses would your attorney most likely employ?
A duress
® entrapment
© consent
) necessity
Question 26
2.5 Points
At a minimum, every crime must have a(n)
modus operendi
criminal intent
© criminal act
D a victim
Question 27
2.5 Points
Which one of the amendments in the Bill of Rights pertains to the right against self incrimination?
• Fifth
® Fourth
Sixth
First
Question 28
2.5 Points
In using self defense or defending others, a person can use:
the amount of force reasonably believed necessary, but never deadly force
only the force necessary to retreat within their home
the amount of force reasonably believed necessary
D
any amount of force
Question 29
2.5 Points
Possession is not an action, it is a passive condition and, therefore, it cannot establish the voluntary act needed for the actus reus element of a crime.
• True
® False
Question 30
2.5 Points
The prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment can be found in which amendment?
A Seventh
® Eighth
* Fourth
Fifth
Question 31
2.5 Points
John, a six year old child, falls of his bicycle and seriously injures himself. His parents didn’t provide the necessary medical attention and John dies. The parents are charged with criminal homicide. What is the basis of their criminal liability?
• transterred intent
® commission to act
• strict liability
) omission to act
Question 32
2.5 Points
In a majority of states, the defense of duress can’t be used for murder.
• True
B False
Question 33
2.5 Points
The burden of proof for the defendant for an affirmative defense is beyond a reasonable doubt.
True
• False
Question 34
2.5 Points
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about strict liability?
The US Supreme Court has upheld legislatures’ authority to pass strict liability crimes so long as they make clear they are imposing liability without fault.
) strict liability crimes require no voluntary act
) strict liability makes accidental injuries a crime
strict liability crimes are based on strong public policy rationales
Question 35
2.5 Points
The right-wrong test is just another name for the Model Penal Code test of insanity
• True
B False
Question 37
2.5 Points
At common law, accessories after the fact were treated less seriously than accomplices.
True
B False
Question 38
2.5 Points
Which of the following statements about vicarious liability is incorrect?
vicarious liability removes the mental element requirement of a crime.
vicarious liability often works together with strict liability
vicarious liability transfers the actus reus and mens rea of one party to another because of a
relationship
vicarious liability is based upon the relationship of the parties
Question 39
2.5 Points
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
• the objective entrapment test focuses on the government’s behavior
entrapment is a constitutional defense.
© the subjective entrapment test focuses on the
defendant
entrapment is an affirmative defense in which defendants must show some evidence they were entrapped
Question 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is not a required element of the excuse of duress?
in most states, the person must not have committed murder.
® the person must have believed the threat was real
© the person must have acted under the great
emotional stress of the threat
D
the person must have been threatened with death or serious bodily injury.

What is a gratuity? What are the arguments for allowing gratuities? What are the arguments against allowing gratuities? If you were a chief of police, what type of policy (if any) would you have concerning gratuities?
In the policing field, the concept or practice of gratuities are viewed differently by each law enforcement agency as to what constitutes a gratuity and what “gifts” can be accepted. Please remember that more than 18,000 different state, county, and local law enforcement agencies have different policies on this issue.