Category: Business and Management

  • “Building a Culture of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the NFL: Strategies for Effective Communication and Implementation” “Building a Culture of Inclusion: Communication Strategies for Advancing Diversity and Equity in the NFL and Delta Airlines” “Empowering Diversity and Inclusion: Strategies for Building an Inclusive Workplace Culture at Delta Airlines”

    Subject: BUS 499 Business Administration Capstone
    This is a Discussion Post assignment. You must read all attachments to complete this assignment. It is mandatory that you read and follow the directions Please provide a good detailed response. Cite sources according to Strayer Writing Standards (See Attached File) You must cite the sources correctly. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI SERVICES), CHATGPT,
    WRITING SERVICES, OR PLAGIARISM ARE NOT ALLOWED.  Please
    note that all work must be original and must be written by the writer. 
    Please
    avoid using excessively large words. Some
    may be appropriate, but do not overburden the assignment with them.
    Using
    simple and clear language enhances the readability and understanding of the
    text. It allows the message to be easily grasped by a wider audience,
    eliminating confusion and ensuring effective communication. 
    CASE STUDY: Making the Right Moves? The NFL and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Coach and Executive Hiring (See attached)
    Assignment:
    This week you read the case study: Making the Right Moves? The NFL and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Coach and Executive Hiring. You are also completing a communication plan activity that will be part of your Week 9 assignment.
    Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs can enhance organizations’ competitive position and brand perception. In the case study you are asked to assume the role of a consultant in helping to make the NFL’s commitments around DEI impactful and effectively communicating their resolve in enacting organizational change.
    How can the NFL foster a culture that actively supports and promotes the growth of minority and women coaches and executives within the organization? Support your response with specific examples from the case study.
    Discuss 2 communication strategies you would recommend to the NFL to discover unconscious bias and create buy-in for DEI efforts.
    How might you use this approach when implementing DEI principles for your chosen company?
    Provide a substantive response to one or more of your classmates.
    Watch Dr. Keller’s video to help you get started: https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/html5/html5lib/v2.101/mwEmbedFrame.php/p/956951/uiconf_id/49813573/entry_id/1_57j0dsgo?wid=_956951&iframeembed=true&playerId=kplayer&entry_id=1_57j0dsgo&flashvars[streamerType]=auto#
    Instructions:
    Read ALL uploaded files
    (attachments) to complete this assignment 
    Provide a professional detailed
    response for this assignment order. Make personable. 
    Cite sources/references
    correctly. You must follow the Strayer writing standards (see attached) 
    Use class textbook for one of your sources
    Provide a substantive response to one or more of your classmates.
    Week 7 – Learn
    Readings
    In The Leader of the Future 2:Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era, read:
    Chapter 5: How Cosmopolitan Leaders Inspire Confidence.
    Link: https://search-ebscohost-com.libdatab.strayer.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=170549&site=ehost-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_C1
    Case Study: Making the Right Moves? The NFL and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Coach and Executive Hiring. (See Attached) In this case study you will examine how hiring, firing, interviewing, and other decision-making practices have impacted both the effectiveness and the image of the National Football League. It gives you the opportunity to assume the role of a consultant to analyze diversity and inclusion practices. This study will offer you a real-life example to help inform your business consulting plan assignment and you will use it in your discussion this week. (Note: This study is provided as an example, do not answer the questions or write the report mentioned in the case study.)
    Article: Using the Theory of Change to Develop your Organisation’s Diversity & Inclusion Strategy   Link: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/using-theory-change-develop-your-organisations-amogelang-motukisi
    Class textbooks: 
    The Leader of the Future 2 : Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the New Era            Author:  Frances Hesselbein, Marshall Goldsmith
    CLASSMATE POST Directions: Please prepare a
    professional detailed response as if you are conversing directly with classmate. No
    plagiarism.  
    No AI services such at CHATgpt to complete assignment. Must be in your own words. 
    Cite one source in response
    Classmates Post: Leanna Collins
    To foster a culture that actively supports and promotes the growth of minority and women coaches and executives within the NFL, the league can draw insights from the case study “Making the Right Moves? The NFL and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Coach and Executive Hiring.” One strategy is to establish clear diversity goals, as evidenced by the implementation of the Rooney Rule. This rule mandates that teams interview minority candidates for head coaching and senior football operation positions, leading to increased visibility and consideration for diverse candidates. Additionally, the NFL can invest in education and training programs tailored to minority and women coaches and executives. For instance, the case study highlights the Bill Walsh Diversity Coaching Fellowship program, which offers opportunities for minority coaches to gain experience in NFL training camps and coaching staffs. Furthermore, creating mentorship and networking opportunities can empower minority and women coaches and executives. By fostering relationships with established leaders in the league, individuals from underrepresented groups can receive guidance and support to advance their careers. These initiatives collectively contribute to building a culture of inclusion and equity within the NFL, facilitating the growth and success of minority and women professionals in coaching and executive roles.
    By implementing these communication strategies, the NFL can uncover unconscious biases and foster greater buy-in for DEI efforts, ultimately promoting a more inclusive and equitable environment within the league:
    Training and Workshops: The NFL could implement comprehensive training programs and workshops focused on unconscious bias awareness and mitigation techniques. These sessions could be mandatory for all staff, including coaches, executives, and team personnel. By providing education on the various forms of bias and their impact on decision-making processes, the league can empower individuals to recognize and address unconscious biases in their interactions and decision-making. Additionally, incorporating real-life case studies and interactive exercises can help participants understand how biases manifest in different contexts within the NFL. Through these initiatives, the NFL can foster a culture of self-awareness and accountability, laying the foundation for meaningful DEI efforts.
    Transparent Communication and Reporting: Another strategy is to establish transparent communication channels and reporting mechanisms to track progress and outcomes related to DEI initiatives. This could involve regular updates on diversity metrics, such as hiring and promotion rates for minority and women coaches and executives, as well as feedback mechanisms for employees to express concerns or suggestions regarding DEI efforts. By openly sharing data and insights, the NFL demonstrates its commitment to accountability and continuous improvement in advancing diversity and inclusion within the organization. Moreover, creating opportunities for dialogue and feedback can facilitate buy-in from stakeholders at all levels, as they feel included in the process and understand the importance of their participation in driving meaningful change.
    When implementing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) principles for Delta Airlines, a similar approach focusing on communication strategies can be effective in uncovering unconscious biases and fostering buy-in for DEI efforts. Firstly, Delta Airlines could initiate comprehensive training programs and workshops aimed at raising awareness of unconscious biases among employees across all levels of the organization. These sessions could cover topics such as recognizing biases in decision-making processes, understanding their impact on workplace dynamics, and learning strategies to mitigate biases in day-to-day interactions. By providing education and practical tools for addressing biases, Delta can empower employees to contribute to a more inclusive and equitable workplace culture. Transparent communication and reporting mechanisms should be established to track progress and outcomes related to DEI initiatives at Delta Airlines. This could involve regular updates on diversity metrics, such as hiring, promotion, and retention rates for employees from underrepresented groups. Creating avenues for open dialogue and feedback, such as employee resource groups or town hall meetings, can encourage employees to voice their perspectives and share experiences related to diversity and inclusion within the organization. By fostering transparency and dialogue, Delta can demonstrate its commitment to DEI principles and engage employees in the process of driving meaningful change.

  • Title: Analyzing the Work Culture at Craft Originalities: A Case Study

    Read the case study in the attachment and answer the 3 questions below.
    ***The 5 references MUST be scholarly peer-reviewed sources within the last 5 years.***
    1.) Assuming the
    survey scores are accurate, what conclusions can you draw about craft
    originalities culture? What is your evidence?
    2.) If Craft
    Originalities adopted a mass production manufacturing process similar to its
    competitor, Saint Crafters, how do you think that would affect the attitude scores
    of the workers? Explain.
    3.) How do you
    think the rural environment might have influenced the lack of formalization and
    the casual work environment at Craft Originalities? Discuss. 

  • Title: “Optimizing Organizational Performance: Exploring Effective Knowledge Management, Strategic Leadership, and Performance Measurement Systems”

    1. What must be included in an effective knowledge management system?
    2. Describe the various characteristics of effective strategic leadership.
    3. The Purposes of a Performance Measurement System and how to achieve them
    4. List the purposes of a performance measurement system and explain why do managers
    review performance results in an organization?
    5. What must be included in an effective knowledge management system and describe its benefits?
    6. Identify and discuss the key aspects of strategic planning addressed by the Baldrige
    category of strategic planning.
    7. Identify the category of the Baldrige Criteria that directly relates to focusing on
    customers. List the examination items associated with this category.
    8. What are the factors that affect how work is organized in the context of an organization?
    9. What are core competencies? Describe its characteristics.

  • “Revitalizing Underprivileged Neighborhoods in St. Louis: A Proposal for Urban Renewal Projects” “Revitalizing St. Louis: A Proposal for Urban Renewal and Community Development” “Improving Workplace Communication: A Proposal for Implementing Effective Strategies”

    Write a proposal about Urban Renewal Projects: Develop initiatives aimed at revitalizing underprivileged neighborhoods in St. Louis, focusing on infrastructure improvements, affordable housing initiatives, and community development programs to enhance quality of life. Following the promptProposal- A persuasive document that offers a solution to an identified problem or need. Internal- Directed to an audience within the organization. External- Directed to an audience outside the organization Formal- Contains specific sections unique to this type of proposal Informal- often brief. Does not contain specific sections. Getting Started Determine the problem Conduct preliminary research Determine scope and limitations of your project Identify factors or subparts of the problem Brainstorm possible solutions Gather data to support solutions Test and evaluate solutions Introduction, what’s your function Address the problem and provide your solution Explain the objectives of your plan Provide background information on the solution Data Sources- Where you got your information and research Scope- the extent to which you will search for solutions Limitations- Boundaries and restrictions of the project The body Methods- What are your approach to the problem will be Scheduling- A calendar work with anticipated completion dates Capabilities- Why you are qualified to do the work Materials and Equipment- What will be needed to complete the project Expected Results- Anticipated outcome of project More Body Plan for Evaluating Results- How will you determine the success of your project? Feasibility- How easy and reasonable the solution is Budget- Anticipated costs and expenses Justification- Clear explanation of the costs and time required. Conclusion Summarize key points Call to action Emphasize timely nature and costs of project Conclude forcefully *site evidence 2/2
    Title: Proposal for Urban Renewal Projects in Underprivileged Neighborhoods of St. Louis
    Internal Proposal
    Introduction:
    The revitalization of underprivileged neighborhoods in St. Louis presents a crucial opportunity for our organization to make a substantial positive impact. As an internal audience, we understand the significance of this endeavor and are uniquely positioned to enact meaningful change. Our proposal outlines a comprehensive plan focusing on infrastructure improvements, affordable housing initiatives, and community development programs to enhance the quality of life in these neighborhoods.
    Problem Identification:
    St. Louis faces persistent challenges in its underprivileged neighborhoods, including deteriorating infrastructure, a lack of affordable housing, and limited access to essential community services. These issues contribute to socioeconomic disparities, hinder community development, and diminish overall quality of life for residents.
    Scope and Limitations:
    Our project will primarily target underprivileged neighborhoods in St. Louis, focusing on identified areas with the greatest need for revitalization. However, we acknowledge the limitations inherent in resource availability and may need to prioritize specific initiatives based on feasibility and impact.
    Objectives:
    Improve infrastructure through targeted investments in roads, sidewalks, and public transportation.
    Increase the availability of affordable housing through redevelopment and housing assistance programs.
    Foster community development through initiatives that promote economic empowerment, social cohesion, and access to essential services.
    Background Information:
    Our proposed initiatives draw upon successful urban renewal projects implemented in other cities, as well as insights from local community leaders and stakeholders. We have conducted preliminary research to identify best practices and tailor our solutions to the unique challenges faced by underprivileged neighborhoods in St. Louis.
    Data Sources:
    Our research draws from a variety of sources, including government reports, academic studies, and community surveys. Additionally, we have engaged with local organizations and residents to gather firsthand perspectives on the needs and priorities of the target communities.
    Methods:
    Our approach will involve a combination of infrastructure improvements, affordable housing development, and community engagement programs. We will collaborate with local government agencies, non-profit organizations, and community leaders to implement these initiatives effectively.
    Scheduling:
    We have developed a detailed timeline outlining the anticipated completion dates for each phase of the project. This schedule allows for flexibility to accommodate unforeseen challenges while ensuring timely progress towards our objectives.
    Capabilities:
    Our organization possesses the expertise, resources, and commitment necessary to successfully execute this project. With a proven track record of implementing similar initiatives in other communities, we are well-equipped to address the complex challenges of urban renewal in St. Louis.
    Materials and Equipment:
    The project will require a range of materials and equipment, including construction supplies, housing materials, and technological resources for community programs. We have already secured partnerships with suppliers and vendors to ensure timely access to these resources.
    Expected Results:
    Upon completion, we anticipate significant improvements in infrastructure, increased availability of affordable housing, and enhanced community cohesion in the target neighborhoods. These outcomes will contribute to a higher quality of life for residents and lay the groundwork for sustained economic and social progress.
    Plan for Evaluating Results:
    We will employ a variety of metrics, including community feedback, economic indicators, and qualitative assessments, to evaluate the success of our initiatives. Regular monitoring and evaluation will allow us to adjust our approach as needed to maximize impact.
    Feasibility:
    While ambitious, our proposed solutions are grounded in practicality and feasibility. We have carefully assessed the resources required and identified potential challenges, mitigating risks through strategic planning and stakeholder engagement.
    Budget:
    The anticipated costs for the project have been meticulously calculated, taking into account expenses for materials, labor, and overhead. We are confident that our budget is both realistic and justified given the scope and potential impact of the project.
    Justification:
    The costs and time required for this project are justified by the urgent need to address the systemic inequalities facing underprivileged neighborhoods in St. Louis. By investing in urban renewal, we not only improve the lives of residents but also create a more vibrant and equitable city for all.
    Conclusion:
    In conclusion, our proposal offers a compelling solution to the pressing challenges of urban blight and disinvestment in St. Louis. We urge stakeholders to support this initiative and join us in realizing the vision of thriving, inclusive communities throughout the city. The time to act is now, and together, we can make a transformative impact that will benefit generations to come.
    External Proposal:
    [This section would be tailored for an external audience, such as government officials, potential funders, or community partners. It would emphasize the relevance and importance of the project to the broader community and outline opportunities for collaboration and support.]
    turn the following text This will be a formal, unsolicited proposal. Your proposal can be written to a
    town, city, or state legislature, an organization, a college, or a company. The written proposal must
    contain a clear Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. The body of the proposal must contain at least one
    graphic. (You can choose the type of graphic that will best support your proposal). Lastly, you must use
    at least 3 of the special parts that differentiate a formal proposal from an informal one. The proposal
    must be typed, but you can choose the font, headings, etc.. Your grade will be determined by the tone,
    style, format, and grammar of the proposal as well as your attention to your audience. The minimum
    length for this proposal is 4 pages.

  • “Exploring the Intersection of Current Events and Textbook Concepts: A Critical Analysis”

    I need to take a current event and relate it to a chapter in a textbook we have. At least 1,500 words. Work must be cited

  • “My Personal Code of Ethics: Guiding Principles for Professional and Personal Growth” My Personal Code of Ethics: Aligning Values and Goals for a Better World

    OVERVIEW: In this assignment, you will write a personal code of ethics. In the code of ethics, you will state your professional goals and the ethics that guide you. This should be about 1-2 pages and at least 300-400 words..
    ASSIGNMENT: Perhaps you’ve heard the quote, “If you don’t know what you stand for, you’ll fall for anything.” Your personal code of ethics is your own statement of what you stand for, establishing a set of principles that guide your decision making and behavior. It serves as a moral compass, helping you navigate challenging situations with integrity and purpose. Including a personal code of ethics in a job application package can demonstrate to potential employers a candidate’s commitment to ethical conduct and values alignment.
    This assignment can help you during interviews and throughout your professional career, as you are more likely to make ethical decisions that align with your personal values, and it can help prepare you for interview responses.
    It stands as a written document of what you believe in, what you are willing to devote your time and energy to, and what you value. In times of conflict and confusion, it can serve as a Touchstone for you to review, grounding you in your own personal code of ethics.
    Your personal code of ethics will include:
    A personal ethical statement naming three values.
    At least 3-4 sentences of support for each value statement.
    At least 3-4 sentences aligning each value with your professional goals.
    At least three references to academically appropriate articles with appropriate and correct APA citations and references.
    In order to foster learning and growth, all essays you submit must be newly written specifically for this course. Any plagiarized or recycled work will result in a Plagiarism Detected alert. Review this tutorial for more about plagiarism and the Plagiarism Detected alert: Touchstones: Academic Integrity Guidelines. For guidance on the use of generative AI technology, review Ethical Standards and Appropriate Use of AI.
    A. Directions
    Step 1: Prep Your Paper
    1. Identify three personal values, reflecting on your beliefs about what is most important in life to you. You want to answer this question to yourself: “What kind of world do I want to live in?” Describing how you want the world to be can lead you to what actions are required to attain it, and what values motivate those actions. Consider what principles guide your decision making and what you prioritize above all else. These will be the main ideas of your paper.
    2. Once you have a clear understanding of your values, compose a personal ethical statement. This will become the thesis statement for your paper. For example, if you believe in honesty, integrity, and compassion, you might write, “I value honesty and always strive to speak the truth, act with integrity, and show compassion to others.”
    Step 2: Draft Your Paper
    1. Write an introduction to your paper that includes the ethical statement you prepared in Step 1. The introduction should engage readers with a compelling hook and communicate the purpose of the statement. For example, if you are seeking a job in finance, you might engage readers with a vision of yourself in five years, working for an investment company that specializes in impact investing.
    2. Write 3-4 sentences for each value you described in your ethical statement. Explain why the value is important to you. Be specific and use examples to support your position. You may also use academically appropriate articles to support your positions. (Academically appropriate usually means appearing in a peer-reviewed journal; you may also use non-peer-reviewed articles written by authorities and published in industry standard publications like The Wall Street Journal or The Economist.) For example, if you value honesty, you could cite a study that shows that trust in interpersonal relationships improves worker satisfaction and increases productivity. Use these sources to provide evidence and examples of how your value is important and beneficial. Make sure to properly cite your sources according to the APA citation style, usually with the last name(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication in parentheses.
    EXAMPLE
    Studies show that organizations with lack of trust are less efficient and less profitable (Columbo & Fletcher, 2020).
    3. After describing a value, write an additional 3-4 sentences about how your goals align with that value. As above, you may want to use sources for additional information or support. For example, if you value environmental sustainability, you may have a goal to work for a company with eco-friendly practices. You might cite a study that lists the financial companies with the best environmental ratings and name the top three as the ones where you most want to obtain a position.
    4. Write a conclusion to your paper that summarizes your main ideas and ends the paper. In this paragraph, you might describe how your goals and values will help build the world you want to live in.
    5. Finally, add the references to the articles you cited in the paper. Be sure to use APA format, usually in the format shown below. Make sure any URLs are correct and do not contain any unnecessary code.
    EXAMPLE
    Columbo, F. & Fletcher, J. (2020, March 5). The perils of dishonesty in business. Levinson Institute of Economics. http://levinsoninst.org/perils-of-dishonesty.html
    Step 3: Review and Revise Your Paper
    Review your personal code of ethics to make sure it reflects your values and your professional goals, and that each point receives complete support and resources correctly referenced. The way these points are introduced and organized is up to you, but your paper should be at least 300-400 words, including:
    An introduction that includes your ethical statement, which names three values that are important to you.
    3-4 sentences describing why the first value is important to you.
    3-4 sentences describing how your professional goals align with this value.
    3-4 sentences describing why the second value is important to you.
    3-4 sentences describing how your professional goals align with this value.
    3-4 sentences describing why the third value is important to you.
    3-4 sentences describing how your professional goals align with this value.
    A conclusion recapping your main points.

  • “Building a Successful Project Culture: Understanding Organizational Values and Balancing Formal Structures”

    Many companies use their Web pages to describe their mission, vision, and corporate values and beliefs.  There also are many consulting firms that advertise how they help organizations to change their culture.  How
    is culture created and communicated in organizations and how do you
    assess the espoused values and beliefs of an organization? What do you
    consider is more important for successfully completing a project – the
    formal project management structure or the culture of the parent
    organization? Group work presented in class for peer.  
    Course Text
    Larson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2018). Project management: The managerial process (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Irwin.
    Chapter 3
    Chapter 10
    Project Management Institute. (2021). A Guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK® Guide (7th ed.). Project Management Institute.
    Part 1: Section 2.3, and 2.4
    Part 2: Section 1.6, 1.8 and 1.9

  • Porter Five Forces Analysis of the Retail Industry: A Case Study of Walmart Inc.

    This paper relates to your approved company (from Week 1), and its industry.
    Research your company and its industry and perform a Porter Five Forces analysis.  For this assignment, you should acquire a minimum of five separate pieces of APA cited research material, which can include periodical articles, investor analysis, and trend analysis for your company’s industry.  Please be sure to use Berkeley College’s Online Databases for information.
    A Five Forces chart should begin your analysis to serve as a quick reference point. An example chart is Five-Force Model Chart.pdf
    Actions
    .   Beneath each of the forces, you should provide a brief one or two-word description (i.e., low, moderate, or high) of what you will present on the pages following.
    The Five Industry Forces are:
    ·         Barriers to Entry: Outline what, if any, barriers exist preventing new firms from being created and competing with existing rivals.
    ·         Intensity of Rivalry: Discuss the key four or five elements that affect the intensity of rivalry and how hard firms must do battle with each other. What must ANY existing rival do in order to succeed?
    ·         Supplier Power: Is there any power existing on the input side that forces firms to bend to the will of suppliers?
    ·         Buyer Power: Are customers of rivals able to unduly influence rivals such that they can be forced to do things they otherwise would not choose to do?
    ·         Threat of Substitutes: Define the basic need(s) met by the goods and services sold by rivals. Can this need be easily met by purchasing the goods and services of non-rivals and who/what might those substitutes be?
    Each force should be discussed beneath their own headings in your paper using as much space as you deem necessary to complete your analysis.  Also, please conclude your paper with a brief (1-4 paragraphs are probably good) summary of the key competitive forces that characterize your industry.
    IMPORTANT: Finally, please make sure that you focus on the industry and NOT your firm. Students who focus on their firm too much have a tendency to go on incorrect tangents that later have to be corrected and will thus mean more work on your part. You certainly can use your firm as an example of what a firm, in general, must do, but the focus of analysis must remain on the industry.
    APA Format Paper
    APA First Page Header (NO COVER PAGE)
    12-point Times New Roman font
    Double-spaced
    3-6 pages (excluding chart)
    Due: Week 5, 11:59 PM EST, Saturday 
    *All papers MUST be fully cited using APA format, with a References section at the end of your paper.  Plagiarism will result in a zero.
    PreviousNext

  • “Revitalizing Renew Buy: A Comprehensive Analysis and Recommendations for Success”

    Chapter-1 Introudction of the report
    Chapter-2 overview of the Renew buy Organization
    Chapter-3 key learning /learning outcomes
    Chapter-4 Analysis on Renew buy
    Chapter -5 Recomadtion and conclusion

  • The Impact of Toxic Leadership on Employee Retention: A Literature Review (2019-2024)

    TOPIC OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Employee Retention
    *All literature must be between 2019-2024 (15 different articles/journals)
    Overview
    Chapter Two opens with a clear, concise description of the contents and organization of the chapter, is written in present tense, and is no more than one paragraph.
    Theoretical Framework
    A discussion of how the framework guides the study is presented at the start of the theoretical framework section. The concept or theory, including origination and major theorist, is presented as the grounding for the analysis and evaluation. A second theory/theorist may be used with an adequate rationale for the inclusion of this theorist and with the approval of the committee chair.
    Related Literature
    A cohesive and stylistically appropriate narrative introduction of the literature related to the topic is presented and ensures the overview is not a list of sources with annotation by topic.
    Create Connections for Your Audience
    The synthesis demonstrated in the literature review creates a strong connection between the existing knowledge found in the professional literature and the proposed study.
    Critique the Literature
    A primary focus of the synthesis you are communicating is to articulate the previously examined areas of the topic(s) and a description of the enduring perspective(s) presented in education and/or other social science fields. This is the section where you will note which of the prior literature supports your rationales, whereas others may have missed the importance of the topic. This is Not an Annotated Bibliography Most importantly, you are not grouping the literature by topic and annotating the sources alphabetically or chronologically. In addition to your synthesis of the sources, you must clearly communicate how the sources support your position and/or demonstrate a gap in the professional literature.
    *How Many Sources? The number of sources is always a question, but the primary focus should be on how well the contextually appropriate sources support your study. Are you certain that after reviewing your synthesis of the literature your reader will agree that there is a gap in the literature and research, that your study is pertinent, and that the methodology you selected aligns well? If there are gaps in your synthesis you may have difficulty proving that your study is pertinent and will support the profession.
    Summary
    A concise restatement of the Literature Synthesis and how the theoretical framework supports the study makes up the Summary for Chapter Two and serves as the conclusion. After reflecting on your synthesis, how well do you make the connections for your reader to explicitly support the theoretical basis and the real-world application in the profession that will improve the practice.