Category: Anthropology

Choose 2 of the following and answer each in 400-500 words.
How do the various forces driving evolution interact with each other, and how does the interplay between intersexual and intrasexual selection contribute to an organism’s fitness
Explain the distinctions in dietary patterns between small and large primates using your own words. Explore the factors contributing to these distinctions, incorporating insights into energy requirements.
Discuss the similarities and differences in anatomy and behavior between Homo to the Australopithecines. 

Your final research paper will focus on the analysis of a belief system in the form of a discussion that relates to religion and anthropology.  You will research and write about the belief system that intrigues you (but that you yourself do not practice). Your final paper will be written based on the outline that you delineated in your proposal. Make sure to read the assignment rubric (in detail) before beginning your paper. 
As part of the research that you must carry out for this paper, you need to:
Give a brief historical contextualization to the belief system that you have chosen.
Identify a particular issue in your chosen belief system. The main theme of your paper should be the discussion of a specific issue within the belief system.  It is not enough to spend most of your paper giving a historical account of the belief system.  You must use anthropological theory or anthropological ideas to explore issues of the supernatural within your belief system.  For example, what aspects of this belief system fit into categories of ritual and magic? Even in Catholicism, the rituals practiced during mass index a magical aspect of wine turning into blood and bread turning into the body of Christ. Even though today most practitioners of Catholicism do not necessarily believe that this is actual magic, in its origins this ritual spoke to the supernatural possibility of drinking and eating Christ in order to have God within you. Every belief system gives consideration to the supernatural.  You can touch on any topic that is of anthropological interest: healing, magic, animism, the function of a belief system, symbolism, etc.
Explore the challenges and/or changes that the belief system has experienced in the past, is experiencing in the present, and/or might experience in the future. Think of possible challenges and how they might fit with the themes discussed in this course.
Your final paper must have:
An abstract
An introduction with a thesis statement—in this section you will describe the belief system that you have researched in detail, you will identify a particular issue (of a cultural, social nature) and you will explain how this belief system addresses the supernatural (all belief systems do). 
An analysis of the main ideas you will present as part writing about your belief system.  Here is where you use content of the literature review that you wrote in your proposal to connect previously written work on your subject matter to your own ideas and analysis of your belief system.  For example:  Cook (1989) emphasized that many Muslim women outside of sub-saharan Africa posses the right to decide for themselves whether they want to wear a veil in public. 
A discussion section where you will identify the challenges and/or changes that the belief system is experiencing, and how it fits with the themes discussed in this course.
A conclusion
A references page
This assignment consists of a minimum of 2,000-words.
General guidelines:
You must incorporate the concepts and theories that we covered in this course, and you will locate your discussion in a particular social and historical context.
You will use a minimum of five sources, four of which must be academic, that is, research on belief systems written in academic publications and/or peer reviewed journal articles. This is library work and you must make sure to go to our library and ask the librarian to help you using the library’s research tools if you’re unfamiliar with them. Youtube or web videos and/or images cannot be counted as one of your sources.
You will format your paper per APA guidelines. 
You will reference and use in-text citations following APA format. Please make sure that your References page is formatted correctly in APA, following the guidelines located here

Assignment
Anthropology in the Public Eye
Topic: Alternative Archaeology
Instructions: You are required to write a paper (@6 pages, double spaced, 12-font) on alternative archaeology (also called pseudoarchaeology, ‘fringe’ archaeology, ‘bullshit’ archaeology). The paper must be in proper essay format and all source material must be referenced (in-text citations as well as a references cited page). We will be using the SAA Style Guide (information posted on D2L). Sub-headings are encouraged. Note: the title page and the references cited page do not count towards overall paper length for this assignment.
Begin with a definition and discussion of alternative archaeology (and its many names). You are required to make reference to at least 2 of the assigned readings/articles from the course in this section (Week 2 Documents on D2L). Next, profile/discuss 2 examples of alternative archaeologies using additional outside sources (here’s where you get to have fun with your research). You are not required to disprove claims made by these alternative archaeologies, but you are certainly welcome to comment on the facts presented by archaeology that contradict such claims. A minimum of 2 additionalsources is required for this section (for a minimum total of 4 sources for the final paper). Given the nature of the topic, you may find that your source material for your examples is not from the regular expected academic/scholarly sources required for an archaeology paper (that’s ok for this section). Lastly, discuss your thoughts on why alternative archaeologies are so popular with the public (the first person is acceptable for this section and you do not need to back up your reflection with sources unless you use additional research to help inform your discussion).
Note: your examples must be related to pseudoarchaeology, not pseudoscience in general, so avoid cryptozoology [Bigfoot, Loch Ness monster], UFO sightings, and Ghostbusters (sorry). You will still find plenty of aliens building pyramids and what not, along with lost continents, lost races, and crystal skulls; relevant hoaxes and curses are acceptable as well.
Archaeology is the search for fact. Not truth. If it’s truth you’re interested in, Doctor Tyree’s Philosophy class is right down the hall. So forget any ideas you’ve got about lost cities, exotic travel, and digging up the world. We do not follow maps to buried treasure, and “X” never, ever marks the spot. Seventy percent of all archaeology is done in the library. Research. Reading.
(Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade)

Instructions:
For our “Notes & Queries #4,” please connect ideas found in Chapter 10, 11, and 12 of our textbook. For each chapter, please choose two anthropological ideas and connect each idea with another one found in a different chapter (e.g., connect one idea from Chapter 10 to an idea from Chapter 11; another idea from Chapter 10 to an idea from Chapter 12; then an idea from Chapter 11 to an idea from Chapter 12). This means that you will be covering a total of six (6) ideas out of these three chapters. Please kindly help me make each and every citation in BOLD letters and indicate which chapter/page number when you first introduce a concept in your writing. For instance, if you are introducing linguistic relativity (Chapter 2, page 24) then the citation in bold letter format will be sufficient. The assignment is like a mini-essay (so it is not a summary or re-type of your notes as the name of the assignment may suggests) and please cite our textbook page numbers when discussing each and every idea. At the end of your discussion, please also ask at least one question and bold your question based on the content of your writing (hence the “queries” part of the assignment).
Journal article: Please synthesize Shankar’s (2008) and Henze and Vanett’s (1993) work into your writing. They are required for this assignment be sure to cite specific page number(s) of these articles in your work.
Format: Your “notes and queries” should follow the format of double-spaced, font size 12, Times New Roman and 1-inch margins all around (Top, Bottom, Right, and Left). You do not need to include your name or any date/course information since you will be uploading your work directly under your name. May you decide to include any information listed above, they should be listed in one single line on top of the page. For instance, the following is an example how you can include all relevant information in one single line (you are free to add or take out any information as long as it is limited to one single line):
Your Name ANTH-205-Language and Culture Notes and Queries #4 Your work should be one-page long. Penalty may apply when the format listed in this instruction is not followed.
I added the reading and articles in files for you.

Showcase your understanding of key concepts, theories, and research in the field 
through a presentation project. This project allows you to select a topic that 
resonates with your interests within anthropology. Each slide should be carefully 
crafted to succinctly deliver your key points, supported by visuals and concise text.
You can select any area of anthropology that captures your curiosity. This includes exploring influential theorists, landmark studies, experimental research, 
phenomena, group dynamics, attitudes, social cognition, conformity, obedience, 
prejudice, interpersonal relationships, and more. The key is to demonstrate a 
profound comprehension of the chosen subject.
Content Quality: Your work should deeply understand the chosen topic. Concepts, 
theories, and research findings should be accurately presented and effectively 
communicated.
Adherence to Guidelines: Your presentation should align with the prescribed 
format: 5-7 slides for PowerPoint/Google Slides, and appropriate length and style 
for other formats.
Supporting Material: Using appropriate visuals, citations, and references enhances the credibility and impact of your presentation.

After reading your chosen book you’ll need to write a short paper that proves to me that you’ve read the book and that relates the book to our course in some way. I’d like for you to structure your paper into three parts. First, please write a few paragraphs that summarize the book you’ve just read. And then, please focus on the following two questions, and please back up your answers with specific examples: What have you learned in this course so far that helped you better understand and make sense of the book you just read? And conversely, what in the book helped you understand Anthropology and the topics we are studying this semester in a way that the rest of our course has not (or not done yet)? 
We will be using the college’s checker for plagiarism and AI, and though it’s not perfect, I’ll ask you to please only submit your own writing. (And also please do not just copy in a link to a document somewhere else, but properly upload your paper or just copy the actual text into the submission window so that the checker can see it). There’s no specific page limits or word counts for this assignment, but I encourage you to be concise while still including all three requested sections for this paper. If you end up with a one page paper you might want to reconsider how much work you’ve put into answering those two questions along with your summary. On the other hand, I’m not expecting (and don’t have the time budgeted for) receiving a bunch of ten page papers to grade. In other words, write what you think is sufficient, but do think deeply about the book and our course and draw on examples from both. I hope you enjoy your book and let me know if you have any further questions.
The book: 
Ceremony (Overdrive ebook) https://mobius.overdrive.com/media/208956Links to an external site.
Textbook:
Mirror for Humanity by Conrad Kottak (13th edition)

In order to narrow the scope of your ethnographic research, you are asked to provide a thesis question for this project that focuses on ONE aspect of the immigrant experience or culture, based on the topics covered in your textbook. Your research focus may change/expand/grow, as a direct result of your interview and observations. This is to be expected during the ethnographic process. Do not be afraid to change your research question and/or topic, as this is an indication that you are being thorough and objective.
1. Identify ONE NYC immigrant group that you would like to research this semester from the list provided (remember to choose a group you have access to).
2. Identify a cultural feature or topic (list of textbook topics provided on page 4) that you would like to focus on for this group and pose it as a question. For example, how has migration to NYC affected the marriage practices and traditions of the Haitian community?
Part I: CONTEXT/background: Draft Due 3/6 & 3/15 for feedback
Context/background: Archival research is an important aspect of the ethnography process. Anthropologists are not looking for the surface appearance, but for deeper meaning. There are two principal types of data in any study: Quantitative data and qualitative data. Quantitative data are based on numbers (demographics and statistics) – number of people, number of interactions, etc. Qualitative data represent information that cannot be counted, such as life histories. You will be engaging in both for this project. “Before you can study a culture, it is vital to read up as much as possible about the group and any previous research done. This background research will aid in your future studies. Prior research may save you the effort of repeating a study that has already been done. In short, it’s good to be well-informed (K. Guest).”
a) Statistics/demographics: Provide data/evidence for your chosen NYC immigrant group relevant to your research question (2-3 graphs/charts). Provide explanation and a statement of relevance for each chart/graph. (Suggested resource cites are census.gov. nyc.gov, Pew research, NCES, Gallop, etc.)
b) Relevant Literature: Provide APA, MLA, or Chicago (contingent on instr. pref.) citations and synopsis of two recent (less than 5 years old) academic peer reviewed articles that are relevant to your chosen immigrant group and/or your research question/topic. You can reference/cite a chapter from your text, if relevant.
c) Object Study: Find/provide an image (drawing or photo) of an object, photo or artistic piece at the BMA to represent the group you are researching. Is this object (or one like it) used/created by the group you are researching? How is it used? Why is it relevant to your group/topic? Why did you choose it? What type of cultural data can you glean from this object.
1
Part II: METHODOLOGY: Draft Due 4/10 for feedback
Conduct a semiformal INTERVIEW with 1-2 members of the immigrant group you have chosen to research.
Provide the interview details (date, location, venue, duration of interview, etc.). DO NOT use personal names when describing the person/s you’ve spoken to, we don’t do this in anthropology, so refer to the person as “the interviewee.” It is required that you interview one, but no more than TWO immigrants for this paper. Your interview can be presented in narrative form or block question/answer format. You should focus on the following:
1. Describe the person/s by key demographics (age, ethnicity, marital status, education, gender, etc.)
2. Describe their immigrant journey. Was it safe? Is the person “documented”, did the person come by themselves? With family? Were they sponsored, and by who? Did they leave their homeland because of danger? Like ethnic cleansing or environmental destruction or war/famine? Or because they just wanted to come for economic or other social reasons.
3. Put this person’s immigration story within the context of their community. Did they arrive and are they still connected to an immigrant community. Is that community isolated?
4. How has integration and/or assimilation gone (for them and their community)? Questions should examine/probe areas of conflict in the integration process, such as education, health, employment, discrimination/racism, relationships, family, religious practice, etc.
5. Examine group behavior. Not just one or two folks. You can talk to members of the family, friends from the workplace, church or academic environment, or set yourself up in a location where you can observe this group with an eye to the questions that you’re exploring. Remember that you’re looking at patterns of behavior, not just isolated observations. Take Fieldnotes to add to your data.
Part III: CONCLUSION (Analysis & Reflection) Draft Due 4/17 for feedback
To present your ethnographic data to an audience (instructor, peers, etc.), it must be analyzed considering your research question. Anthropologists do this by considering their findings from both emic and etic perspectives. Emic perspectives refer to understandings of the local community’s issues/practices on its own terms. Anthropologists compare and contrast this perspective from etic perspectives; that is, interpreting the topic/issue from an outsider/anthropologist’s perspective. (How they perceive or see the issue or cultural practice versus how community members see it). This overall process is called ethnology. There is always more than one perspective on any topic. Anthropologists try to incorporate multiple voices into their ethnographies (their own voice as well as that of their informants). This is called polyvocality. This can be done through direct quotes or even involving informants in the research design process. Radical Ethnography prioritizes the voices and needs of the community over that of the researcher. Many anthropologists include information about their research processes in their ethnographies. This is called reflexivity. “In the end, we must remember that we are but one voice on any subject (K. Guest).”
Prompts or Points to Consider:
• Did the person(s) you interviewed have a typical or atypical experience? Based on their family and community’s overall experience immigrating to the United States.
• What two things did you learn about this immigrant group from your research and observations that you did not know before?
• Did your interview and observations of this group support or contradict your archival research (statistic/demographics and journal articles)? Explain.
• Were you able to answer your research question? How? What sources or data were most helpful to you? Did your question change during the research process? How?
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• What did you learn from the research process itself? What challenges did you encounter while doing this research? If you had more time, how would you expand on your research study?
Part IV: ORAL Presentation (10-12 PPT/Google slides) Presentation Date 5/8/2025

Explain how experimental archaeology projects inform our understanding the past
I just need this go be written in paragraphs that I could insert into a canva digital poster
the result for the hypothesis was also that I was able to safely cook the meat
1. Introduction/Background:
Briefly explain what you did in this activity. Imagine you are describing the experiment you completed to someone outside of our class–how would you describe experimental archaeology and how your activity is connected to the past?
In-text citations in APA format are required for the ideas you discuss in this section; anything not considered common knowledge requires in-text citations and reference entries. *You should have some ideas that are not common knowledge in this background section*
2. Hypothesis:
This was the testable statement you used to structure your hands-on experiment.
3. Materials/Methods:
Explain how you set up the hands-on part of your experiment. What materials did you use and how/where did you obtain them?
4. Data/Results:
In this section you explain the data you obtained and if your hypothesis is upheld or falsified (did the explanation hold up after your experiment? or does it not make sense after actually experiencing the technology firsthand?). It doesn’t matter if your hypothesis is upheld or not (that is merely a tool for inquiry); for this section you will be graded on how well you explain the results of your experiment and how it related to your hypothesis.
5. Discussion/Conclusion:
By now the reader should know about your topic, what you hoped to learn, how you conducted your experiment, what you discovered, and whether or not your hypothesis made sense after doing the hands-on portion of your experiment. The discussion and conclusion section should be for your final thoughts, exploring what you might have done differently, and what you might want to explore in the future. What aspects of your project did you consider “authentic” to the past, and what aspects might not have been? You might also explore other things you learned from the experience that were not directly captured by the hypothesis you tested.
6. Reference Entries
Include full reference entries, in alphabetical order, in APA formatting, for all cited resources. Remember you need at least 2 academic/scholarly sources to meet the minimum requirement.
7. Images/Figures/Graphics
Your poster should have a minimum of 3 substantial images/figures. Included photos should be ones YOU took while completing your experiment (or that a friend or family member took of you), which showcase that you actually completed the hands-on part of the experiment. Images taken off the internet or generated using AI that are not properly cited (to give credit to the original source) will be considered academic dishonesty.
8. Formatting
Is your poster organized and easy to read? Is it attractive and eye-catching?
this is the instructions an I already have a outline for these as well a feedback from the profesor on what she felt need to be improved

I have to take a Introduction to Biological Anthropology exam it is 75 minutes long, The third exam covers material from weeks 10 to 14, 46 questions. I can only open it for 75 minutes so need help then.

The topic is on Shelter blues
Book by Robert R. Desjarlais. Its is to make a book review.
My teacher noticed ai and that i didn’t title things correctly.
the directions are Assignment: Write a critical book review on a book from the list at the end of these instructions. Here are some guidelines that must be met: The minimum word count for the body of your paper is 1250 words. The Title page, Bibliography, etc. are not part of this word count.
For formatting and citing your references, use the Chicago, MLA or APA citation style. If your discipline uses another major citation style, you may contact me for permission to use this style. Here is a link with an overview of these three styles (Click on one of the brown bars for each style, on the left side of page.)
Upload your file as a Word file – if you need to use another type of file, please contact me for permission.
Pretend that you are writing this review for publication in a journal, and address the reader accordingly – they will not have participated in our class. The full name of the book, the full name of the author and the year of publication should always appear in the text in the first paragraph of your essay. Your thesis must appear in the first paragraph of your essay. It should be clear and concise. If you can′t state it in one sentence, you have not developed it well enough yet.
Your book review should be an evaluation of the content of the text:
Above all, a review makes an argument. The most important element of a review is that it is a commentary, not merely a summary. It allows you to enter into dialogue and discussion with the work′s creator and with other audiences. You can offer agreement or disagreement and identify where you find the work exemplary or deficient in its knowledge, judgments, or organization.
You are not criticizing the work or the author, but evaluating/analyzing how this work makes important scholastic contributions, as well as how the ideas presented fit in with concepts in psychological anthropology that you have learned in class
You should clearly outline your analysis of the work in question, and your perspective should be embedded in a discussion that follows the conventions of other types of academic writing, with a thesis statement/argument in the first paragraph, a supporting body of paragraphs each of which makes a separate point, and a conclusion (keep in mind that conclusions should be longer than 3-4 sentences). Your review should include your reaction to the work, expressed in a scholarly manner as a critique. Summary should be kept to a minimum, and specific details from the book used to support each point/argument that you make.
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