Category: Anatomy

Unit 6 focused on digestion, nutrition, renal function, and acid-base balance. Much information was presented on all topics, and each topic’s importance must be balanced. We often do not consider how our food and drink consumption impacts our kidney function and urinary output. When one consumes a great deal of water, they will have increased urinary output as the body will maintain a balance of water within the body and will increase the output of diluted urine to maintain homeostasis.
Please complete the following steps for your discussion post and response.
Respond to each of the following questions and make sure to include a description of digestion and renal systems functions in your response:
What are two ways your diet has hurt digestion, renal function, and/or an acid-base balance? This could be you or someone you know.
Discuss at least one chemical, cellular, or organ-based connection of your issues to the food or drink consumed.
How can these negative responses be controlled, addressed, or resolved?
What is a possible long-term effect if these responses are ignored in this system or another system?

Need to investigate about Lupus for a Presentation: -Etiology
-Symptoms ann signs -Diagnostic -Treatment – Prognosis

NO AI Response. Post must be at least 250 words
Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research about the nervous system. Based on your research and understanding, respond to the following:
Evaluate and distinguish among the divisions and functions of the ANS and the importance of dual innervations.
Categorize the exteroceptors and interoceptors and provide examples of each.
Summarize the sensory pathways to the brain for gustatory and olfactory sensations.
Analyze and describe the process of hearing from the external to inner ear.
Analyze and describe how the ear provides equilibrium and balance for the body.

Respond to each person below either agreeing with something they said or giving positive feedback in 150+words the original question being asked is also included

Each Discussion must be at least 220 words. NO AI Response
Discussion 1:
As this is a discussion, the goal is to debate freely with your peers and to have the opportunity to explore and analyze, not only your chosen question, but also the thoughts of your classmates. You might find that you end on a topic below that is far removed from your original choice. That is ok and encouraged!
Why is it nearly impossible to study physiology without anatomy and vice versa?
Why do we require oxygen for survival?
Why is the anatomical position important?
Why is it important that everyone within healthcare understands the same medical language?
Why is homeostasis the only objective of the human body?
Why do we have both positive and negative feedback mechanisms?
Why does the human body undergo aging?
Why is no single system in the human body considered “an island”?
Discussion 5:
As this is a discussion, the goal is to debate freely with your peers and to have the opportunity to explore and analyze, not only your chosen question, but also the thoughts of your classmates. You might find that you end on a topic below that is far removed from your original choice. That is ok and encouraged!
Why do we have joints in the body that possess very little movement?
Why do we have a greater range of motion in our appendicular skeleton compared to our axial skeleton?
Why do bones in the appendicular skeleton heal faster than the axial skeleton?
Why do joint injuries require a period of immobilization?
Why do some individuals have more flexible joints than others?
Why so some individuals experience joint pain and stiffness in certain weather conditions?
Why do bone lengthening surgeries have ethical implications?
Why are performance enhancing drugs harmful to the appendicular skeleton?
Discussion 7:
As this is a discussion, the goal is to debate freely with your peers and to have the opportunity to explore and analyze, not only your chosen question, but also the thoughts of your classmates. You might find that you end on a topic below that is far removed from your original choice. That is ok and encouraged!
Why is there controversy over the usage of anabolic steroids?
Why do the risks of anabolic steroids outweigh the benefits?
Why does Botox act at the neuromuscular junction?
Why do we see atrophy in a limb after removing an 8-week cast?
Why do muscles only pull and never push?
Why is there disagreement in the role of genetics in determining muscle size and strength?
Why do some experts believe that overtraining leads to muscle loss?
Why are some people better marathoners than sprinters?
Discussion 8:
As this is a discussion, the goal is to debate freely with your peers and to have the opportunity to explore and analyze, not only your chosen question, but also the thoughts of your classmates. You might find that you end on a topic below that is far removed from your original choice. That is ok and encouraged!
Why does damage to the spinal cord often result in paralysis?
Why do some spinal nerves have more sensory or motor function than others?
Why do some people experience chronic itching or tingling after a spinal nerve injury?
Why do some spinal nerves play a more important role than others in autonomic function?
Why do some researchers believe that the spinal cord can regenerate and repair?
Why do some scientists support spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain while others argue that it can cause adverse effects?
Why does damage to the spinal cord lead to loss of sensation and movement below the level of injury?
Why is the brain and spinal cord so important in autonomic function?
Discussion 9:
As this is a discussion, the goal is to debate freely with your peers and to have the opportunity to explore and analyze, not only your chosen question, but also the thoughts of your classmates. You might find that you end on a topic below that is far removed from your original choice. That is ok and encouraged!
Why do some individuals with cranial nerve disorders experience autonomic dysfunction?
Why is the brain’s reward system so important for motivation and addiction?
Why do certain brain disorders, such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s progress over time?
Why do some believe that certain types of music or meditation can alter brain function?
Why do some scientists believe that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain versus others who believe that it is a separate, non-physical entity?
Why do some researchers believe that neuromodulation can be used to treat cranial nerve disorders?
Why do some people struggle with impulse control?
Why is it important to assess cranial nerve function?

Circulation
Utilizing knowledge from your learning and assigned readings, respond to the following questions:
Compare and contrasts the anatomy and physiology of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries. Why are these differences significant in the overall function of the circulatory system? Please be specific.
Provide several examples of factors that cause increases or decreases in peripheral resistance and discuss their effect on overall arterial blood pressure.

NO AI RESPONSE!
Discussion must be at least 250 words.
Evaluate and distinguish between the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system.
Devise a detailed description of the structure and functions of each organelle in a typical neuron.
Distinguish the locations and functions of the four neuroglial cells in CNS and the two neuroglial cells in PNS.
Categorize the structure of the spinal cord to its function. Include all levels of the cord.
Peer response must be at least 150 words
Linda:
Evaluate and distinguish between the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system.
The nervous system is divided into anatomical and functional divisions that help organize its complex structure and functions. Anatomically, it consists of the Central Nervous System (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which comprises nerves extending to the rest of the body. Functionally, the nervous system is split into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary muscle movements and conveys sensory information, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. This includes the sympathetic division, which prepares the body for stress-related activities, and the parasympathetic division, which conserves energy and supports non-emergency functions.
Devise a detailed description of the structure and functions of each organelle in a typical neuron.
A typical neuron features several key organelles, each with distinct structures and functions. The nucleus houses DNA, directing cellular activities including gene expression and protein synthesis. Surrounding the nucleus, the cytoplasm contains organelles like mitochondria, which generate ATP, powering various neuronal functions. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes, crucial for protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces lipids and participates in detoxification. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion. Lysosomes break down cellular waste, andperoxisomes detoxify harmful substances. Structurally, dendrites receive incoming signals, and the axon transmits impulses away from the neuron. The axon terminals communicate with other neurons or muscles at synapses.
Distinguish the locations and functions of the four neuroglial cells in CNS and the two neuroglial cells in PNS.
In the Central Nervous System (CNS), four primary types of neuroglial cells play crucial roles: Astrocytes support and nourish neurons, regulate extracellular ion balance, and form the blood-brain barrier. Oligodendrocytes insulate neurons by forming myelin sheaths around CNS axons, enhancing electrical conduction.Microglia act as immune cells by scavenging pathogens and debris. Ependymal cells line the brain’s ventricles and spinal cord’s central canal, producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions and nourishes the CNS.
In the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), Schwann cells also produce myelin, enveloping axons to facilitate rapid signal transmission. Satellite cells provide structural support and regulate the external chemical environment for neurons in ganglia.
Categorize the structure of the spinal cord to its function. Include all levels of the cord.
The spinal cord, encased in the vertebral column, is a crucial conduit between the brain and the body, segmented into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. Each segment correlates to specific body functions:
Cervical: Controls movements and sensations in the head, neck, arms, and diaphragm.
Thoracic: Influences trunk and abdominal muscle function.
Lumbar: Manages movements in the legs and feet.
Sacral: Affects the pelvic organs, legs, and feet.
Coccygeal: Provides a minor nerve supply to the area around the tailbone.
Together, these segments enable complex motor tasks, sensory processing, and autonomic control throughout the body, crucial for activities ranging from breathing to walking.

I need to write a research paper on: what is the impact of stress on the body; understanding the role of glands in stress response and rising prevalence of stress disorders. 
I need an introduction, three body paragraphs and one conclusion. 
The first body paragraph should answer this question: what is stress? Symptoms and prevention. 
The second body paragraph should answer this question: what glands are present not only to tackle stress but to but to produce stress and how do they do it? 
The third body paragraph should answer this question: how are stress disorders affecting individuals more and more. 
The 5 slices I need to use are these: 
1. Science of stress: 
https://fi.edu/en/blog/science-stress#:~:text=In%20%20general%2C%20%20scientists%20think%20%20of,behavioral%2C%20emotional%2C%20and%20%20cognitive
2. Understanding the stres response: 
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/understanding-the-stress-response
3. Anatomy grade 12 presentation(this is an important source): 
PRESENTATION ATTACHED BELOW  
4. Stress disorders: 
https://www.med.unc.edu/psych/csi/stress-related-disorders/
5. What glands and hormones are present in stress: 
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/adrenal-glands#:~:text=Like%20several%20other%20hormones%20produced,energy%20to%20endure%20unusual%20strain
NO AI PLEASE THANK U!!

Requirements:
Your paper should be 2 pages in length, excluding title and reference pages.
Include at least two credible references, in addition to the course textbook. Also cite your sources in the body of the paper.
Conform to the APA guidelines in the CSU Global Writing Center.
The CSU Global Library is a good place to find these references.

Explain the anatomical concepts associated with the central nervous system. Summarize this module’s key points in 5-6 sentences.  
Explain the physiological concepts associated with the central nervous system. Summarize this module’s key points in 5-6 sentences.  
How will you apply the concepts you have learned about the central nervous system in real life and in your future career? 
Which topic within this module has been the most valuable to your learning experience and why? 
Which topic(s) within this module did you struggle to understand and why? 
(Optional) Do you have any suggestions for your instructor on how they could help you connect with the difficult topics you’ve noted?