Category: Anatomy

PULSE RATE LAB REPORT
Objectives:
 Use the Scientific Method to study physiological changes
 Identify the independent, dependent and controlled variables
 Use independent and dependent variables to write a hypothesis or prediction
 Collect, organize and present data in ways that facilitate analysis
 Draw conclusions based on the obtained data
 Write a lab report that includes all the scientific method elements
Introduction
In this exercise, the student will work in groups to obtain the necessary information to write a lab
report.
The lab report will consist of: purpose of the experiment, Introduction, variables and hypothesis,
materials used, procedure or method, results, analysis/conclusion and references.
Prior to engaging in the lab exercise, the student will do research on cardiovascular system regulation.
The obtained information must include heart rate and blood pressure regulation. The following terms
must be part of the introduction: pulse rate and heart rate and their relationship, proprioceptors,
baroreceptors, chemoreceptors (what do these receptors detect) and their location (where are they
found), control center, output to effector organs (must include specific nerve names and the autonomic
system branch they belong to) and effector organs. It is also important to include the effects of gravity
on blood flow when changing body position.
After completing the introduction, the student will read over the lab experiment. After the reading the
student should be able to identify the variables (independent, dependent, and controlled variables) of
this experiment.
The variables should be noted in the report making sure they are clearly identified as independent,
dependent, and controlled variables.
After the variables have been identified, the student is to write a hypothesis (prediction) to predict
the effects of the independent variable (which must be specified) on the dependent variable.
The next steps include writing the purpose, materials and the procedure or method. The purpose is
stated at the beginning of the lab exercise; however, you must write the purpose using your own
words. The materials must be listed using bullet points (one item per bullet). The method or
procedure must be written in paragraph form, past tense, and passive voice. (example: pulse rate
was measured on the radial artery at the wrist)
The results section must include a written description of the results, tables where the data will be
organized and labeled and a graph for a visual representation of the data. Under the results
section, no explanations are needed; this section only includes facts.
During this experiment the student will gather data on three separate occasions, from three
different subjects; the collected data for each situation must be averaged. (Refer back to WileyPlus,
PowerPhys 3.1 for data collection examples)
Under the analysis and conclusions section, the student will use the data to reflect on the written
hypothesis to determine if the results support the hypothesis or if the results reject or refute the
hypothesis. It is very important to include an explanation (using the information from the lab report
introduction) to the observed changes.
During this exercise, the student will gather and share data with two other team members; after
data sharing, each student should have the data on nine (9) test subjects. If one team member fails
to contribute to the exercise, you will be allowed six text subjects.
Heart Rate Lab Exercise:
Purpose
Determine the effects of changing in body position and exercise on heart rate.
Materials
 Pen or pencil
 Paper
 Bed or cot (flat surface for lying down supine)
 Chair
 Watch or timer
 3 Test subject per team member
Procedure (For the report, you will rewrite the information in passive voice and past
tense)
1. Find a quiet place to begin the experiment.
2. Test subject gets in supine position with the eyes closed, (lying down, face up) and without
pillows and relaxes for 5 minutes.
3. After the 5 minutes, Take the test subject pulse at the wrist. Use the index and middle fingers of
your dominant hand to take the pulse. First, find the radial pulse at the wrist (on the thumb
side); you will feel a thump.
4. With the subject lying down supine and with the eyes closed, take the pulse for one full minute
5. Record the data
6. After recording the data, ask the test subject to quickly sit up and position him/herself on the
chair with the hands placed on the lap.
7. Immediately after the subject sits up, take the pulse for 1 minute.
8. Record the data.
9. After recording the data, ask the test subject to exercise (jumping jacks) for 5 minutes.
10. After 5 minutes of exercise, retake the pulse at the wrist for 1 minute.
11. Record the data
12. Wait for 5 more minutes; retake the pulse for 1 minute.
13. Record the data.
14. Repeat steps 2 through 13 twice for a total of three trials per team member.
Results
1. Create a table to organize the data. The table must be labeled and numbered.
2. Create a graph to present the data. The graph must be labeled and numbered.
3. Describe the data in paragraph form. This section does not include any type of explanation to
the changes if any changes occurred.
Analysis
This section is to be written in paragraph form. The presented questions are not be included as part of
the analysis. Use the questions below as a guide to complete the analysis section of the lab report.
During the analysis section, the student will use the obtained data to draw conclusions and find
differences, similarities, and patterns.
1. What triggered the observed changes (if any) when:
a. going from supine to sitting posture?
b. Exercising?
2. Compared to the supine posture, what was the percent increase of heart rate after sitting up?
After 5 minutes of exercise?
Use the following formula:
Percent increase= supine pulse – sitting up pulse X 100
after sitting up supine pulse
Adjust the formula to determine percent increase after exercise.
3. Reflect on the hypothesis, do the results support or refute (reject) the hypothesis?
4. Where there any limitations to the experiment?
5. Based on the results of this experiment, write a follow up experiment. What else would you do?

plesse click link below, please listen to the recording and write a summary no less than 2 pages.
https://galen.screencasthost.com/watch/cZ1IYlVN55S

In this unit, you will complete the lab titled Homeostatic Control: How does the human body keep itself in balance? . You will write a lab report describing the hypothesis, methods, and conclusions from this lab experience.
By completing the lab report, you will demonstrate your ability to do the following:
Describe the lab’s overall objective and make a hypothesis.
Introduce relevant background knowledge on the topic.
Summarize the steps taken in the lab simulation.
Explain any obtained results.
Discuss the conclusions and implications.
Step 1: Download and review the lab report file.
Step 2: Complete each part of the lab report file as you work through the simulation. Prompts in the lab report will help you develop your responses.
Follow the process presented to you in the How to Write a Lab Report lesson to ensure you write a thorough lab report entry.
Review the grading rubric (below) to make sure you have an understanding of how your lab report will be graded.
Step 3: Once you’ve completed the lab simulation and your lab report, review the submission requirements (below) and update your lab report to ensure it meets the recommended requirements.
Step 4: Once your lab report template is complete, submit it for grading.
Refer to the checklist below throughout the Touchstone process. Do not submit your Touchstone until you meet these guidelines.
❒ Did you review the Lab Manual before starting the simulation?
❒ Did you complete the lab simulation?
❒ Did you refer to the lesson on How to Write a Lab Report?
❒ Did you complete all 5 sections of the Lab Report file?
❒ Did you review the Touchstone rubric and compare it to your lab report?
❒ Did you submit the provided Lab Report file as your Touchstone for grading?

TERM PAPER INSTRUCTIONS:
*this paper has to be based on a topic from anatomy and physiology II*
pick one topic and follow format some topics are: Blood, cardiovascular and conduction, endocrine, immune system, lymphatic system, the reproduction system( male and female), respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system. FORMAT: Must have a Cover Page (Title, Your Name, Date, Class, and Instructor’s Name)
DO NOT write your name, course name, date, and professor’s name or the name of your paper on every page (This info goes on the cover page).
For the Body of the paper: Write a minimum of 1500 words. (Must Use Microsoft Word (not PDF or txt). Use the word count feature in Microsoft Word to make sure you have at least 1500 words. The reference and cover pages do not count as part of the 1500 words. You are encouraged to write more than the minimum to receive a good grade. Grading of the minimum begins at 90% (if everything else is perfect).
When writing your paper, please follow this outline and in this specific order:
a. Introduction
b. Statistics
c. Pathophysiology (Causes)
d. Signs and Symptoms
e. Diagnosis
f. Treatment
g. Prognosis
h. Prevention
i. Complications (if any)
j. Conclusion
References (at least 3 references). If you use the internet, dates and authors must be listed. DO NOT list your textbook, a dictionary, or Wikipedia’s as references.
Use either MLA or APA formatting style.
Don’t COPY & PASTE anything directly from your resources. Find the information, read it, and summarize it using your own words. Any plagiarism/artificial intelligence/chatgpt will result in a zero grade for the paper. Up to 20% matching for quotes and small phrases will be accepted. More than 20% will be considered plagiarism, and it will reduce your paper grade. 40% or more matching will result in a Zero grade for the paper.
Failure to submit the paper on time will result in a ZERO grade and no resubmission will be allowed. No excuses, No exceptions
Must be submitted through Turnitin on Canvas as document attachment.
Don’t copy and paste your paper into Turnitin attach it as if you are uploading a file
Your paper should be saved under one file (don’t save the cover page or the reference page separately)
Do not submit recycled papers you have submitted from previous classes, this will result in a ZERO grade.

You will write a lab report describing the hypothesis, methods, and conclusions from this lab experience.
By completing the lab report, you will demonstrate your ability to do the following:
Describe the lab’s overall objective and make a hypothesis.
Introduce relevant background knowledge on the topic.
Summarize the steps taken in the lab simulation.
Explain any obtained results.
Discuss the conclusions and implications.
A well-written lab report demonstrates the researchers’ understanding of the concepts behind the data collected. Knowing the purpose behind the basic components of a lab report will assist you in organizing your ideas clearly and expressing your thoughts coherently. The following list is an example of a common lab report organizational structure:
Hypothesis
Background and Theory
Methods and Data Collection
Results and Observations
Discussion, Conclusions, and Implications

-Disease name, why or who it was named for
-Discovery, history
-Causes
-Symptoms
-Age most likely to occur or present
-Treatment (may be natural, lifestyle, dietary, medical, or clinical)
-Epidemiology, rate of incidence
-Prognosis
-Other interesting, pertinent information

Work in groups of minimum three and maximum four members. Reports from groups of more than four members will not be accepted.
Use accurate and credible resources only.
Your report has to be of three pages exactly, references and cover pages Excluded.
References have to be incorporated into the text using the Vancouver style (or another style).
A full list of the references using the Vancouver style (or another appropriate style) is required at the end of the report. The references have to be incorporated in the text as numbers. A list of all references has to be added at the end of the report under the section “References” (for more information about the Harvard referencing style, check the following link http://guides.library.uwa.edu.au/c.php?g=380288&p=2575722 ).
Font “Times New Roman 12”, line spacing = 1.5, only titles can be in Bold and/or Italic.
All reports should be submitted on the Blackboard only. Please do not send it by email.
Avoid plagiarism!
Before we head off of for the Eid Holiday, I wanted to remind you of the HAP II writing assignment so that you may plan ahead. As mentioned previously during the first lecture, the details of the assignment are posted on Blackboard. I am also including them here in this announcement. The due date for submission is Thursday 27 June 2024. You will be working in groups of 3 or 4 (max). If you prefer to do it by yourself without a group that is also OK. Submission is on Blackboard – I have created a submission portal on blackboard. Submissions by email will NOT be accepted. Only one group member should submit the assignment on behalf of the rest of the group. Your names and IDs should be written on the first page.
Details of the assignment:
Using accurate resources and references, choose one disease related to one of the topics covered in “Human Anatomy & Physiology II” (Nervous, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Endocrine, and Reproductive systems), and explain its pathophysiology including examples of cause(s), manifestation(s), diagnostic test(s) and treatment(s).

The major function of the reproductive system is to ensure the survival of the species. Other systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to maintain homeostasis for the survival of the individual. An individual may live a long, healthy, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to continue, at least some individuals must produce offspring.
Main post: Create a well-written and well-researched discussion essay post using online or library research, adding citations, ( avoid copy and paste), for each question. Your main post must be at least 250-300 words long.
Answer all questions in detail, using substantive information to add knowledge for all. 
Add Citations. ( No copy and paste) 
Reflect on the differences between male and female reproductive systems and what hormones give them the differences in the characteristics of being a male or a female.
Follow the path of ejaculated sperm from the vagina to the oocyte. Include all structures of the female reproductive tract that the sperm must swim through to reach the egg.
Why are feminists and social justice activists concerned about embryo cloning? How does this relate to the large market for human eggs? How does this relate to “designer babies?” 
Describe one of the most common conditions presented by each system, its signs and symptoms, and how is diagnosed and treated.
What steps do you take to look after your system? 

Your nervous system is a network of access roads that feed into bigger roads, which eventually connect to the interstate. Using this analogy, the access roads are the nerves that serve the muscles and the extremities, while the interstate is the spine.
If your nervous system is working optimally, the “road network” can transport messages to and from the brain without making any mistakes. The messages always reach the right destination, and neither the brain nor the extremities ever send the wrong messages.
Main post: Create a well-written and well-researched discussion essay post using online or library research, adding citations, ( avoid copy and paste), for each question. Your main post must be at least 250-300 words long.
How does stress affect your nervous system and what are its consequences?
Why does Stress management play a crucial in protecting our central nervous system?
How is CVA associated with paralysis and other consequences? How is it diagnosed and treated?
What steps do you take to look after your nervous system? 

Topic – Cancer Myths
There are many “myths” about what causes cancer.  Some of them include e-cigarettes, grilling meat, bacon, red wine, coffee, cell phones, microwaves, sugar, fake sugar, WiFi, power line discharge, deodorant, hair dye, and alcohol.  
Pick one of the myths listed above and consider your initial gut reaction. Do you think it causes cancer using only the knowledge and experiences you currently have?  Then find data that supports whether the myth you choose actually causes cancer or not.   You’ll want to include topics that we’ve talked about:  cell division, DNA replication, cells, and cancer itself.   Think about what cancer is in terms of cells and cell processes.  Can you show how your “myth” disrupts normal processes?  If not, can you show how the myth is false?
It’s vitally important with this topic that you find credible sources and real experimental published studies, not consumer websites.
Check out this video on a few of the Cancer Myths:
SciShow, 2016.  6 Common Misconceptions About Cancer.
Requirements:
Your initial post is due in 48 hours and should follow the rubric.  Click on the three periods above the right and choose show rubric.  Items to be sure you include are research information from your textbook, the module, or an appropriate outside source, properly referenced with a citation.  Be sure you are addressing the actual topic, very rarely is a definition-style answer appropriate.  We want to know your thoughts, based on the research you have done, not copy/pasted from the internet. 
Your initial post must contain at least one reputable source other than your textbook or those listed above.
You must respond to at least 3 students.  Your responses to other students must be more substantial than how much you agree/disagree or like/dislike their posts.  It must address THEIR post, not yours.  It must add new relevant information to the discussion and integrate multiple views or outside sources (with citations).  You will not be able to see their responses until you post your own.
Citations (required in all posts) – Any quoted or paraphrased material must follow APA guidelines for inline citations and Works Cited. Just a web address is not a proper citation. 
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