ethics and medicine and pharmaceutical policy – Position paper
see attachments
“More funding should be directed to developing medicines to help those with rare diseases”
Word count: 2500 words +/- 10%
Referencing format: Vancouver.
Task:
Write a position paper of the following thesis statement:
“More funding should be directed to developing medicines to help those with rare diseases”
Specify what your position is, put forward the strongest arguments for your position, and defend against the strongest arguments against your position.
position to defend: support
Support the arguments position based on utilitarian or deontological perspectives and link to ethical principles if appropriate. Indicate page where the idea is extracted from . example –
“……..” (1) [p.23]
See some papers below for references + add few more
Abstract [~200 words]
Provide a summary of your paper, including your conclusion.
Introduction [~350 words]
Provide background to the topic. Why is this an important issue to explore? Provide relevant context.
Define your terms [e.g. what do you mean by continuing education, or coverage with evidence development? Use references to show how these terms have been defined].
Give concrete examples of what you are talking about.
State what you aim to do in this position paper [e.g. In this position paper, I will argue for
the importance of …. ]
Argument(s) supporting your position [~1000 words] [Give this section an appropriate title; don’t say “arguments supporting my position”]
Develop your arguments in a logical and cohesive way. You can build upon the arguments you presented in your first assignment.
Defeat competing argument(s) [~800 words] [Again give this section an appropriate title]
Identify one or two of the strongest argument/s against the position you have decided to defend. Describe the argument/s and give some justification for why these are the strongest arguments against your case.
Explain why this/these counter-argument/s are not as strong as the arguments in support of your position.
Discussion/Conclusion [~150 words]
Briefly describe state your position and summarise why you take this stance.
Don’t provide new information in your Conclusion
References [Doesn’t count towards the word limit]
Support your argument with references and build on reasoning undertaken by other scholars. Reference your work consistently in line with an accepted referencing format – Use Vancouver.
Some papers to take ideas from:
1. Kacetl J, Marešová P, Maskuriy R, Selamat A. Ethical Questions Linked to Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs–A Systematic Review. Risk management and healthcare policy. 2020 Oct 13:2125-48. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S260641
2. Gericke CA, Riesberg A, Busse R. Ethical issues in funding orphan drug research and development. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2005 Mar 1;31(3):164-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2003.007138
3. Taylor C, Jan S, Thompson K. Funding therapies for rare diseases: an ethical dilemma with a potential solution. Australian Health Review. 2017 Feb 16;42(1):117-9 https://doi.org/10.1071/AH16194
4. McCabe C, Claxton K, Tsuchiya A. Orphan drugs and the NHS: should we value rarity?. Bmj. 2005 Oct 27;331(7523):1016-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7523.1016
5. Boy R, Schwartz IV, Krug BC, Santana-da-Silva LC, Steiner CE, Acosta AX, Ribeiro EM, Galera MF, Leivas PG, Braz M. Ethical issues related to the access to orphan drugs in Brazil: the case of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Journal of medical ethics. 2011 Apr 1;37(4):233-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2010.037150
6. Kinney J. Health disparities: exploring the ethics of orphan drugs. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2014 May 1;71(9):692-3. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp130348
7. Encina G, Castillo-Laborde C, Lecaros JA, Dubois-Camacho K, Calderón JF, Aguilera X, Klein AD, Repetto GM. Rare diseases in Chile: challenges and recommendations in universal health coverage context. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2019 Dec;14:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-019-1261-8
8. Drummond MF, Wilson DA, Kanavos P, Ubel P, Rovira J. Assessing the economic challenges posed by orphan drugs. International journal of technology assessment in health care. 2007 Jan;23(1):36-42. https://10.1017/S0266462307051550
9. ODs AT. Assessing the economic challenges posed by orphan drugs: A comment on Drummond et al. International journal of technology assessment in health care. 2007;23(3):397-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462307071012
10. Drummond MF, Wilson DA, Kanavos P, Ubel PA, Rovira J. Assessing the economic challenges posed by orphan drugs: a response to McCabe et al. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 2007;23(3):401-4. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462307071024
11. Hughes DA, Tunnage B, Yeo ST. Drugs for exceptionally rare diseases: do they deserve special status for funding?. Qjm. 2005 Nov 1;98(11):829-36. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hci128
12. Picavet E, Dooms M, Cassiman D, Simoens S. Orphan drugs for rare diseases: grounds for special status. Drug Development Research. 2012 May;73(3):115-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21005
13. Wang T, Scuffham P, Byrnes J, Downes M. Cost-effectiveness analysis of gene- based therapies for patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I in Australia. Journal of Neurology. 2022 Dec;269(12):6544-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11319- 0
WHO
Parliament of Australia – Rare diseases
https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/Health_Aged_Care_and_Sport/N ewdrugs/Report/section?id=committees%2Freportrep%2F024755%2F77601
Author: admin
-
“Ethical Considerations in Pharmaceutical Policy: The Importance of Directing Funding towards Rare Disease Medicines” “Assessing the Economic Challenges and Special Status of Orphan Drugs for Rare Diseases: A Critical Analysis of Current Perspectives”
-
“Marketing Plan for a New Product Launch”
The attached picture is the assignment details and the attached file is where this assignment should be added to. Update the table of contents also.
-
Project Part 1: Systematic Sample of “COVID-19 Vaccination Rates by State” Data Set
You will be working on the Semester Project throughout the term in parts as Project Part Assignments. Additional information can be found on the Semester Project Information page. You will get feedback from your instructor on the parts of the project in the Project Parts as listed. Use that feedback to improve that portion of the project.
Project Part 1: Systematic Sample of your chosen Data Set
1) Choose 1 Data Set from the Data Sets for Project Parts and the Semester Project page.
2) Create a Systematic Sample with 35 values.
Use your birth month as the starting value in Row 1, then use your birthdate as your nth value. An example with additional details is the Data Sets.
3) Write at least 2 quality sentences explaining which Data Set you used, what your starting number was, your nth value, and how you did it, so that any other person would be able to obtain the same results.
4) List your 35 values in the order they were collected.
When working on each part of the Semester Project the Best Practice is to type the information onto the appropriate slide of the Template Download Template, remove the directions, and then copy and paste your work and results into the text submission area of the assignment.
You may submit the project part as a text submission, Word Document, or PowerPoint Slide from the Template (only that slide!) Do not submit your work as an embedded image in one of those files. Images cannot be accepted for these assignments. (File Types allowed: .doc,.docx, ppt., pptx)
my birth month 06 birth day 08 -
“The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: A Critical Analysis”
APA FORMAT
5 sources ( 3 course readings, 2 outside sources)
the 3 sources will be provided in attached files, find other two
double spaced , 4-6 pages
times new Roman
title page, abstract, reference page not included in total number of pages
bibliography
PLEASE FOLLOW TERM PAPER GUIDELINES PROVIDED IN ATTACHED FILES -
“The Impact of Social Media on Customer Loyalty and Retention: A Review of Three Recent Books”
Instructions
Visit a website such as Amazon or Barnes and Noble and locate three recent books that discuss the effects of social media on customer loyalty and retention.
Prepare a one-page report summarizing three pieces of key information from each book. Often the websites have a section for each book that gives an overview or editorial review of the book that will provide the information you need. (Exceptional Customer Service: Online Research Activity Project 3.2 pg. 53 in text).
Be sure to include the book titles and authors’ names in your paper.
You should submit
A Word document containing your review of three books.
You must format your paper according to APA style.
The title page must have a header and page number. The Center of the title page has the title of the assignment, your name, and your college name. NO MORE!
Don’t forget the References page. If you list a reference, it must also appear as an in-text citation and vice versa. 9. Never use Works Cited on the References page. Use the word References.
Book for class:
The World of Customer Service, 3rd Edition.
By Pattie Gibson, Northern Arizona University
Copyright year: 2012 -
Title: Exploring the Fibonacci Sequence Through Programming
Fibonacci Sequence Through Programming
For this assignment, you will be exploring the Fibonacci sequence through programming. Complete the following tasks:
Research and take note of the recursive formula F(n) that can be used to define the Fibonacci sequence.
How is the Fibonacci sequence related to the golden ratio Φ ?
Is there a closed formula for F(n)? If so, what is it?
Design a simple program, using pseudocode, to implement the recursive formula you found in part (a) to compute numbers in the Fibonacci sequence. Determine the number of times your program computes F(1) for each time F(5) is computed.
Discuss any issues you find with your program and what reasoning there may be. -
Title: Ethical Implications and Privacy Policies in Business Communication and IT Management
Part 1
Consider the ethical implications of the following scenarios and respond by answering the questions posed in each:
The sales team of Sand Shell Inc. consists of six persons who use the e-mail service extensively for their communication with clients. Bob, one of the salespeople, is going on a vacation. His boss Charles asks Bob to give the password of his system and e-mail account to Alfred. This is done in order to address any urgent issues that may come up when Bob is on leave. Is this an ethical practice? Do you feel this action can cause any serious privacy issues? If yes, what policy and technical solution do you feel the organization should have in place for such situations?
You are an IT manager in an organization. During a routine check of the log files on network usage, you find that one of the users, Donald, is using the network to access files from the server every day for two to three hours after regular working hours. You meet Donald in the cafeteria the next day and tell him not to work after regular hours. Donald is surprised and says that he very rarely works long hours. It′s clear to you that someone has hacked on to the network and used Donald′s credentials to access the servers. You find the culprit on further investigation. How will you react to the situation based on your responsibilities as an IT manager? In this situation, which policy should the organization follow?
Part 2
Using the course material and as well as your own research (using the Internet. create your own privacy philosophy. This should cover the policies you will use for email, texting, social media, and Internet usage. Consider what information is being collected about you in each case and what you are willing to share. You should also state the types of contacts you will allow in each method of communication (this should just be general categories rather than any specific names or individuals).
Important Info
The order was placed through a short procedure (customer skipped some order details).
Please clarify some paper details before starting to work on the order.
Type of paper and subject
Number of sources and formatting style
Type of service (writing, rewriting, etc) -
“Finding Evidence-Based Practice Resources for Nursing: A Guide for New Hires” “Locating Evidence for Clinical Practice: Strategies for Communication and Collaboration as a Baccalaureate-Prepared Nurse” “Evidence-Based Practice: Communication, Collaboration, and Resource Selection for Clinical Diagnosis/Practice Issues”
Create a 2-4 page resource that will describe databases that are relevant to EBP around one of the diagnoses found in the provided PDF supplement and could be used to help a new hire nurse better engage in EBP.
Expand All
Introduction
Evidence-based practice (EBP) integrates the best evidence available to guide optimal nursing care, with a goal to enhance safety and quality. EBP is crucial to nursing practice because it incorporates the best evidence from current literature, along with the expertise of the practicing nurse. The concern for quality care that flows from EBP generates a desired outcome. Without these factors, a nurse cannot be an effective leader. It is important to lead not only from this position but from knowledge and expertise. To gain the knowledge, you require a good understanding of how to search for scholarly resources, as well as identify which databases and websites are credible for the purposes of implementing evidence-based changes in practice.
Your Online e-Portfolio
Creating an ePortfolio is not required in the BSN program, but you may find it helpful to create one to attach to your professional resume while job hunting. Online ePortfolios serve two key purposes: 1) to support learning and reflection, and 2) to be used as a showcase tool. Your learning journey can be documented, and ePortfolios contribute to lifelong learning and growth through reflection and sharing. Online ePortfolios can also be shared with employers and peers to present artifacts that demonstrate your accomplishments at Capella.
Professional Context
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for providing patient-centered, competent care based on current evidence-based best practices. You will be required to do research, analysis, and dissemination of best evidence to stay abreast of these best practices. Understanding where to go to find credible sources and locate evidence, as well as which search terms to use, is the foundation of incorporation of best practices.
Scenario
You are supervising three nurses working on the medical-surgical floor of a local teaching hospital. This hospital is nationally recognized as a leader in education and has a computer lab with an online library where staff has access to medical research databases (that is, CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane library) and online sources of all hospital policies, procedures, and guidelines, and computers at nurse workstations that also have access to these resources. (For this scenario, use the Capella University Library to simulate the hospital’s online library.) You have given the nurses their patient assignments and you have all participated in shift report. A new nurse who just completed orientation and training a week ago approaches you and tells you that one of the assigned patients has a diagnosis he or she is very unfamiliar with. Knowing that patient-centered care based on best practices is imperative to positive patient outcomes, you want to assist this nurse to find research that can be utilized to provide the best care for this patient. Describe how you would communicate with this nurse to encourage him or her to research the diagnosis. Assume you will assist in the quest to locate evidence, then describe where you would go within the facility and what resources you would look for. These resources may include websites, journals, facility policies or guidelines, or any other sources of online information.
To select the diagnosis for the patient in this scenario, review the three diagnoses presented in the Assessment 01 Supplement: Locating Credible Databases and Research [PDF] Download Assessment 01 Supplement: Locating Credible Databases and Research [PDF]resource and select one. You will use this same diagnosis to complete the next two assessments.
Create a list of at least five sources that could be used to find evidence, with the best source listed first, and explain why the sources you chose are best to find evidence for the diagnosis you chose and the clinical scenario. You are only evaluating the sources of evidence (database, website, policy database or website, journal article, et cetera). You are not actually completing a search and selecting evidence. Consider the following examples: a nursing journal in CINAHL may not be the best source of evidence for information on how to administer medications through a central-venous catheter, whereas a hospital policy database found on a website may not be the best source of information on caring for a patient with a rare chromosomal abnormality.
Preparation
To help ensure you are prepared to complete this assessment, review the following resources related to the Capella library. These resources will provide you an overview of the types of tools, resources, and guides available in the library. This may be useful in forming a better understanding of the library to apply to the hypothetical situation laid out in the scenario of this assessment.
BSN Program Library Research Guide.
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Health Sciences.
Databases A-Z: Nursing & Health Sciences.
Get Critical Search Skills.
Remember, it is also appropriate to look toward databases and resources outside of the Capella library, such as organizational policies, professional organizations, and government health care resources.
You are encouraged to complete the Evaluating the Credibility of Evidence activity. This activity offers an opportunity to practice evaluating the credibility of evidence. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 1 successfully and is for your own practice and self-assessment. Completing this activity is also a way to demonstrate course engagement.
Instructions
The purpose of this assessment is to understand where to find evidence that can be applied to clinical scenarios and to learn effective communication and collaboration with clinical staff during the process of evidence location. As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will not only use research for self-improvement in your clinical role, but you will also serve as a mentor to supervised nursing staff. Therefore, you will need to be able to communicate and collaborate effectively to guide them toward resources to find research, as well as support them through the initial evidence location process. In doing so, nurses can gain access to evidence that can be analyzed and utilized to stay current on best practices. This allows them to provide safe, patient-centered care and improve patient outcomes.
For this assessment:
Describe your role as a baccalaureate-prepared nurse supervising clinical staff nurses with regard to communication and collaboration in locating evidence for application to a nursing practice scenario.
Compile a list of five online databases or other online sources (that is, websites, journals, facility policies or guidelines, et cetera) that can be used to research evidence to apply to the diagnosis in this scenario and describe to which of these you would direct a nurse colleague to search for evidence.
Describe where you might go in the work place to complete this research and how you would access the desired, relevant research within research databases or other online sources.
Be sure to address the following in this assessment, which correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so that you will know what is needed for a distinguished score.
Describe communication strategies to encourage nurses to research the diagnosis/practice issue, as well as strategies to collaborate with the nurses to access resources.
Describe the best places to complete research and what types of resources you would want to access to find pertinent information for the diagnosis/health care issue within the context of a specific health care setting.
Identify five sources of online information (medical journal databases, websites, hospital policy databases, et cetera) that could be used to locate evidence for a clinical diagnosis/practice issue.
Explain why the sources of online information selected should provide the best evidence for the chosen diagnosis/health care issue.
Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.
Note: While you are not selecting and evaluating specific evidence to help with the clinical diagnosis/practice issue, you should still be citing the literature and best practices to support your description of your communication and collaboration approach. Additionally, it is appropriate to cite best practices related to EBP and evaluating databases to support your explanation as to why you selected the five sources of online information that you did.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:
Assessment 1 Example [PDF] Download Assessment 1 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements
Your assessment should meet the following requirements:
Length of submission: 2-4 pages (not including the title page or the reference page) description of communication, collaboration, and evidence location process, including a list of databases or other sources with description of why they are appropriate for clinical scenario diagnosis/health care issue (that is, something that would be useable in professional practice for other nurses). Be sure to include an APA-formatted reference page at the end of your submission.
Number of references: Cite a minimum of three sources of scholarly or professional evidence that supports your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than five years old.
APA formatting: References and citations are formatted according to current APA style.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 1: Interpret findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research articles and studies.
Explain why the sources selected should provide the best evidence for the chosen diagnosis/health care issue.
Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision within the context of a specific health care setting.
Describe the best places to complete research within the workplace environment and what types of resources one would want to access to find pertinent information for the diagnosis/health care issue.
Competency 4: Plan care based on the best available evidence.
Identify five sources of online information (medical journal databases, websites, hospital policy databases, et cetera) that could be used to locate evidence for a diagnosis/health care issue and three out of five should be specific to the diagnosis/health care issue.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.
Describe communication strategies to encourage nurses to research a diagnosis/health care issue, as well as strategies to collaborate with the nurses to access resources.
Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format. -
Title: “Designing a Research Study in the Field of EFL: Methodology, Data Analysis, and Expected Outcomes”
This essay is based on the 1st assignment. Word files is attached.
Word limit: 3,000 words excluding appendices
In this assignment, you are asked to
• choose an appropriate research design for your research;
• understand the importance quantitative variables;
• establish your research setting;
• determine your population and sample;
• delineate the differences between the two research paradigms;
• outline your research tools;
• understand the steps in carrying out a pilot study of your research;
• analyze and interpret your research data;
• discuss your research outcomes;
• delineate the implications of your research.
Use the following questions and steps to structure this part of your proposal:
1. How do you plan to carry out your research?
2. How will you analyze your data?
3. What are the expected outcomes of your research and its implications for EFL?
Steps
• Ground your methodology in an accepted research paradigm (e.g., qualitative and/or
quantitative) and in an established tradition (e.g., ethnography, action research,
grounded theory, practitioner research etc.).
• Align it against the relevant literature of that methodology. It may also be helpful to
identify relevant literatures from other disciplines (e.g., philosophy, sociology,
2
anthropology) that suggest critical approaches to analogous questions. Where relevant,
provide a critical assessment of theoretical questions implicit in the work.
• Devise a preliminary schedule for the various stages of the dissertation project,
including time for research, writing, and revision of the manuscript. Where possible,
indicate prospective chapters and the projected times for their completion. This
schedule should reflect your best guesses regarding teaching and research support. You
should expect that your chapter outline and the amount of time you need to devote to
each section might change over the course of the research.
• Include a list of primary and secondary sources you have used to date in designing your
dissertation. In preliminary fashion, identify and describe key archival repositories and
other anticipated source materials, both published and unpublished. -
Title: Finding My Voice
You’ve finished The Hate You Give, and now it’s your turn to write your own short
story in the Young Adult Genre.
Your story should:
• Be 5-6 double-spaced pages
• Involve a unique main character, and/or narrator, it MUST be a teenager
someone between the ages of 12-18. Young Adult fiction is also usually
written in 1st person.
• Employ writing that is accessible to an adolescent. Avoid language that is
too easy (no need to dumb down language too much), or too complex.
• Demonstrate the perspective of a teenager. While the subject matter does
not have to be about teen life, it should express a topic from the perspective
of a 12-18 year old.
• There must be some kind of conflict—and the conflict must be presented
from the eyes of your teenage main character(s).
• Have a”hopeful” ending. While there doesn’t need to be happy ending,
young adult authors like to write what they call “hopeful” endings. A clear
depiction of what the main character(s) learned from the story is important.
It’s also important to have some kind of closure in your tale.
Elements of Popular YA Fiction:
• Reflects young adults’ age and development by addressing their reading
abilities, thinking levels, and interest levels.
• Deals with contemporary issues, problems, and experiences with
characters to whom adolescents can relate. This includes topics such as
dealing with parents and other adults in authority; facing illness and death;
dealing with peer pressure, specifically relating to drugs, alcohol, and sexual
experimentation; and facing the realities of addiction and pregnancy.
• Considers contemporary world perspectives including cultural, social, and
gender diversity; environmental issues; global politics; and international
interdependence.